复杂地形暴雨洪涝灾害气象防灾减灾典型案例研究  

Typical Case Study of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Flash Flood Disaster Under Complex Terrain

作　　者：黄紫晨 黄甜甜 张青梅[1] 袁成鑫[1] Huang Zichen;Huang Tiantian;Zhang Qingmei;Yuan Chengxin(Qinghai Meteorological Observatory,Xining 810001,Qinghai)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象台,西宁810001

出　　处：《青海科技》2023年第3期146-151,共6页Qinghai Science and Technology

摘　　要：2022年8月17日至18日,青海省出现了一次大范围降水天气过程,因降水影响范围广、强度强、局地性强,致使多地遭受了不同程度的暴雨洪涝和泥石流灾害。以此次灾害为例,深入分析复杂地形下的暴雨致灾原因和气象防灾减灾特征,提出应对复杂地形突发性暴雨灾害需要解决的问题,探究应对此类灾害事件中气象防灾减灾能力的提升机制。结果表明:(1)提升短时临近天气监测预报预警能力是应对复杂地形暴雨洪涝防灾减灾工作的第一道防线。(2)推动“叫应”机制无缝衔接和一体化运行是气象防灾减灾工作的重要支撑。(3)精准、及时的预警信息属地化发布是保证气象防灾减灾的重要环节,需进一步完善预警信号发布机制,提升预警信息全网发布能力,真正落实属地化发布。研究结果可为气象工作者和相关管理部门决策提供一定的借鉴和参考依据。From August 17 to 18,2022,there was a widespread precipitation weather process in Qinghai Province,which caused many places to suffer from different degrees of heavy rainfall,flooding and mudslide disasters due to the wide range,intensity and local nature of the precipitation impact.Taking this disaster as an example,we analyze in depth the causes of heavy rainfall in complex terrain and the characteristics of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation,propose the problems which need to be solved in response to sudden heavy rainfall disasters in complex terrain,and explore the mechanisms for improving meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in response to such disaster events.According to the results,(1)the first line of defense for disaster prevention and mitigation in complex terrain is to improve the capability of short-time proximity weather monitoring and forecasting.(2)Promoting the seamless and integrated operation of the“call-and-response”mechanism is an important support for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation work.(3)Accurate and timely localized release of early warning information is an important barrier to ensure meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.It is necessary to further improve the release mechanism of early warning signals,enhance the ability to release early warning information on the whole network,and truly implement localized release.The results of the study can provide reference basis for meteorologists and relevant management departments to make decisions.

关 键 词：复杂地形暴雨洪涝 防灾减灾 气象服务案例 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]