仿生凹坑间距对高速磁悬浮列车气动减阻影响研究  

Research on Effect of Concave Spacings on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of High-speed Maglev Train

作　　者：胡天恩 周丹[1,2,3] 伍黎良 曹自幸 HU Tianen;ZHOU Dan;WU Liliang;CAO Zixing(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通安全国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道学报》2023年第7期55-61,共7页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2019YFG0040);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2021zzts0682)。

摘　　要：对车尾后缘布置仿生凹坑的高速磁悬浮列车进行数值模拟,研究仿生凹坑间距对磁悬浮列车气动性能的影响。研究结果表明,当气流流过尾车流线型前端仿生凹坑时,会在凹坑内部产生高速涡旋,使得车尾附近产生高速回流,增大尾车表面的正压区域面积,且凹坑间距越小,高速回流区范围越大,正压区域也越大。同时仿生凹坑对尾流涡旋有收紧、沉降作用,还会使得尾涡强度降低。当仿生凹坑间距过于密集,凹坑间距小于2.4×10^(-2)H(H为列车高度),整车阻力会增加;当凹坑间距增大至2.4×10^(-2)H~6.0×10^(-2)H,整车减阻率随凹坑间距增大而持续增大至2.66%;当凹坑间距进一步增大至7.2×10^(-2)H,整车减阻率下降为1.6%。The improved delayed detached eddy simulation method was used to simulate the high-speed maglev train with bionic concaves,to study the effect of bionic concave spacing on the aerodynamic performance of the maglev train.The results show that the air flowing through the concave structures at the front end of the tailcar generates high speed vortexes inside the concaves,which causes a high-speed backflow near the rear of the train,and increases the positive pressure area on the surface of the tail car.The smaller the distance between concave structures,the larger the recirculation zone and the larger the positive pressure zone.At the same time,the bionic concave structures can tighten and settle the wake vortex,and reduce the strength of the wake vortex.In case of the dense bionic concave spacing with the concave spacing of less than 2.4×10^(-2)H(H is the train height),the aerodynamic drag of the whole vehicle will increase.However,with the increase of concave spacings to the range of 2.4×10^(-2)H~6.0×10^(-2)H,the drag reduction rate of the whole vehicle continues to increase to 2.66%with the increase of concave spacings.The further increase of the concave spacing to 7.2×10^(-2)H decreases the drag reduction rate of the whole vehicle to 1.6%.

关 键 词：气动减阻 仿生凹坑 凹坑间距 非光滑表面 尾流 

分 类 号：U266.4[机械工程—车辆工程]