论宪法渊源  

On Constitutional Sources

作　　者：王锴[1] Wang Kai

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2023年第4期42-63,共22页Law-Based Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“立法公众意见综合分析及法律条文智能审查技术研究”(项目编号:2021YFC3340300,2021YFC3340304)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宪法渊源的界定需要首先界定法的渊源,而法的渊源的界定又需要区分法的渊源与法、法的渊源与部门法的渊源,应当根据不同渊源在裁判中的作用,将法的渊源分为依据渊源和理由渊源。宪法渊源是指宪法部门的渊源,即宪法部门中调整宪法关系的规范的表现形式,这些规范可以蕴含在宪法典中,也可以蕴含在宪法性法律、宪法惯例、宪法判例、宪法解释、国际条约中。在合宪性审查中,宪法典主要是作为依据渊源,即在适用时不会质疑其内容的正确性;而其他的形式主要作为理由渊源,辅助宪法典的适用,尤其是在宪法典的内涵不明确的情况下,它们以其内容的正确性来对宪法典作为裁判依据进行外部证立,从而增强合宪性审查的说服力。我国的宪法渊源包括宪法典(宪法原则、宪法精神)、宪法性法律、宪法惯例、合宪性审查成例、宪法解释、国际条约。To define constitutional sources needs to first define the source of law,and to define the source of law needs to distinguish the source of law from the source of departmental law.The source of law should be divided into the source of basis and the source of reasons according to the role of different sources in the adjudication.Constitutional source refers to the source of constitutional departments,that is,the manifestation of norms regulating constitutional relations in constitutional departments.These norms can be contained in the constitutional code,constitutional laws,constitutional practices,constitutional precedents,constitutional interpretations and international treaties.In constitutional review,the constitutional code is mainly used as the basic source,that is,it will not question the correctness of its content when it is applied.Other forms are mainly used as the source of reasons to assist the application of the constitutional code.Especially when the connotation of the constitutional code is not clear,they use the correctness of its content to externally prove the constitutional code as the basis for judgment,so as to enhance the persuasiveness of the constitutional review.China’s constitutional sources include the constitutional code(constitutional principles,constitutional spirit),constitutional laws,constitutional practices,constitutional review precedent,constitutional interpretation and international treaties.

关 键 词：宪法渊源 法的渊源 依据渊源 理由渊源 宪法原则 宪法精神 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]