社会给付请求权的宪法依据及其规范效力  

A Dogmatic Analysis of the Right to Claim for Social Payment and Its Judicial Realization

作　　者：王健 Wang Jian

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院 [2]中南大学人权研究中心

出　　处：《法治社会》2023年第4期64-76,共13页Law-Based Society

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“习近平总书记关于尊重和保障人权重要论述研究”(项目编号:22JZD002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：探讨社会给付请求权的概念内涵、宪法基础及其如何保障和实现,对国家、个人以及社会法的发展来说都是一个崭新而重要的议题。学理上,社会给付请求权在我国宪法上可以依据社会权条款直接导出,也可以依据自由权条款和平等权条款间接导出。学界对社会权是否同时具有主观法上的效力多持保留态度,进而基本上否定社会给付请求权具有可诉性。究其缘由,主要在于司法机关在对相关案件进行裁判时会面临四重障碍:基本权利之间的冲突、国家财政资源有限、权利本身的抽象性、法院侵蚀分权。尽管制度局限确实存在,但是徒以形式之制度原理概括地否定所有社会给付请求权的可诉性,有过于速断之嫌疑,且忽视了司法机关的特有价值和功能。为防止我国公民的社会给付请求权成为充饥之画饼,可从财产权保障和程序保障两个方面探寻其可能的司法实现。It is a new and important issue for the development of the state,individuals and social law to explore the concept and connotation of the right to claim for social payment,the constitutional basis and how to guarantee and realize it.Theoretically,the right to claim for social payment can be derived directly from the provisions of social rights in China’s constitution,or indirectly from the provisions of freedom and equal rights.Most scholars have reservations about whether the social right has the subjective legal effect at the same time,and then basically deny that the claim for social payment is actionable.The main reason is that the judiciary will face four obstacles when judging relevant cases:the conflict between basic rights,the limited national financial resources,the abstractness of the right itself and the court erodes the separation of powers.Although the institutional limitations do exist,if we deny the actionability of all social payment claims in a general way based on the institutional principle of form,it is suspected that it is too quick to judge and ignores the unique value and function of the judiciary.In order to prevent China’s citizens’right to claim for social payment from becoming a painting cake to satisfy hunger,we can explore its possible judicial realization from two aspects:the protection of property rights and procedural protection.

关 键 词：社会给付请求权 公法请求权 宪法依据 基本生存保障 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]