我国60岁及以上老年人孤独感影响因素分析  

Analysis on influencing factors on loneliness in the elderly aged 60 and above in China

作　　者：郭静[1] 罗瑞 郭宇濛 徐艺珊 朱琳 Guo Jing;Luo Rui;Guo Yumeng;Xu Yishan;Zhu Lin(Center for Population and Development Studies/Research Institute of Health Science,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心/健康科学研究所,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872 [3]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [4]南京市疾病预防控制中心,南京210013

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2023年第7期1086-1091,共6页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(22BRK006)。

摘　　要：目的分析我国≥60岁老年人孤独感影响因素。方法使用2018中国老年社会追踪调查资料中≥60岁老年人作为研究对象,估计样本量为7953人。孤独感采用孤独感量表进行测量,运用逐步回归与简单斜率法分析主、客观因素对孤独感的影响及其相互作用。使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析,采用PROCESS 3.3宏程序进行简单斜率检验。结果研究对象共8926人。客观因素中,家庭网络差的老年人孤独感水平更高(P<0.05)、社区提供养老服务能够降低老年人孤独感(P<0.05)。主观衰老年龄≤60岁、社会适应能力和情绪感知较差的老年人其孤独感水平更高(均P<0.05)。主观衰老年龄在社区提供养老服务对孤独感的影响中发挥负向调节作用(P<0.05),社会适应和情绪感知在家庭网络对孤独感的影响中发挥负向调节作用(均P<0.05)。结论我国≥60岁老年人孤独感受到主客观因素的共同作用,其中主观因素在客观因素对老年人孤独感影响作用中发挥重要的调节作用。因此,在创造良好适老环境为老年人提供有力外部支持的同时,也应充分调动老年人自身主观能动性,共同缓解老年人孤独感。Objective To analyze the influential factors of loneliness in the elderly aged≥60 years in China.Methods Data used in this study were obtained from participants aged≥60 years from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey,with a sample size of 7593.Loneliness was measured with loneliness scale,and the influence of subjective and objective factors on loneliness and their interaction were analyzed with stepwise linear regression model and simple slope test.SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.PROCESS 3.3 macro program was used for simple slope test.Results A total of 8926 participants were included.Among the objective factors,the elderly with poor family network have a higher level of loneliness(P<0.05),and community provision of elderly care services could reduce the loneliness of the elderly(P<0.05).Elderly people with subjective aging age≤60 years old and poor social adaptation and emotional perception have higher levels of loneliness(all P<0.05).Subjective aging age plays a negative regulatory role in the impact of community elderly care services on loneliness(P<0.05),Social adaptation and emotional perception play a negative regulatory role in the impact of family network on loneliness(P<0.05).Conclusions Elderly people aged≥60 years of feeling of loneliness was affected by both subjective and objective factors and subjective factors play an important regulatory role in the influence of objective factors on elderly people's feeling of loneliness in China.Therefore,while creating a good aging environment to provide strong external support for the elderly,the subjective initiative of the elderly should also be fully mobilized,to alleviate the loneliness of the elderly from these two aspects.

关 键 词：老年人 孤独感 主观因素 客观因素 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]