水平分层低马赫数运动介质中的声传播  

Sound propagation in low-Mach-number layered moving medium

作　　者：陈雨晨 张海刚 郭俊媛[1,2,3] 龚李佳 杨士莪 CHEN Yuchen;ZHANG Haigang;GUO Junyuan;GONG Lijia;YANG Shi’e(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《声学学报》2023年第4期794-801,共8页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(12174078,11904292);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(3236330022)资助。

摘　　要：针对海流对水声传播的影响,基于高斯波束追踪方法,利用高频近似的低马赫数亥姆霍兹方程,建立了三维低马赫数运动介质下的声传播模型,并将该模型应用于浅海与深海水平分层介质下的声传播问题。仿真结果表明,海流能定性定量地改变声传播模式。浅海环境下,声速梯度大于流速梯度,导致顺逆流声线反转点的差别随着距离增加而增大;此外声线到达结构也会发生较大改变。深海环境下,流速梯度大于声速梯度,顺流方向表面声道消失,使得表层顺逆流传播损失相差10 dB以上,同时水平分层环境中也会产生三维声传播效应。因此在流速梯度与声速梯度相当甚至更大时,海流对声传播的影响不能被忽略。A three-dimensional sound propagation model in low Mach number moving media has been established based on the Gaussian beam tracing and the wave equation for high-frequency sound wave in a moving media with low Mach number.The model has been applied to horizontally layered medium in shallow and deep water.The simulation results show that ocean currents can qualitatively and quantitatively change the sound propagation mode.In shallow water,the sound speed gradient is greater than the flow velocity gradient,which results in the difference of convergence zone position of the upstream and downstream increasing with the propagation range,and the arrival structure of rays changing significantly.In deep water,the flow velocity gradient is greater than the sound speed gradient,causing the surface duct to disappear in the downstream direction,resulting in a difference of more than 10 dB in the propagation loss of the upstream and downstream.In addition,there is three-dimensional sound propagation effects in the horizontally layered environments caused by the currents.Therefore,while the flow velocity gradient is comparable to or greater than the sound speed gradient,the impact of ocean currents on sound propagation cannot be ignored.

关 键 词：运动介质 高斯波束追踪 三维声传播效应 低马赫数 

分 类 号：P733.2[天文地球—物理海洋学]