气吸式播种机多分支汇流管路气压损失分析与试验  

Analysis and experiments of the air pressure loss in multi-branch convergence pipe of air suction seeder

作　　者：秦伟 王在满[1,2,3,4,5] 王钰静 钱诚 何思禹 张明华 臧英[1,2,3,4,5] QIN Wei;WANG Zaiman;WANG Yujing;QIAN Cheng;HE Siyu;ZHANG Minghua;ZANG Ying(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Artificial Intelligence(GDKL-AAI),Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment(South China Agricultural University),Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China;Huangpu Innovation Research Institute of SCAU,Guangzhou 510715,China;Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]广东省农业人工智能重点实验室,广州510642 [3]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学黄埔创新研究院,广州510715 [5]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,茂名525000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第10期1-14,共14页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175228);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室科研项目(NZ2021039);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020210007);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212040009);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01)。

摘　　要：为探究气吸式播种机气力系统多分支汇流管路负压气流的流动规律,掌握管路总体压力损失与管路几何结构之间的关联特性,获取管路总体压力损失的定量预测目标值,该研究对多分支汇流管路气流流动状态进行分析,明确了影响管路气流流动的主要因素,采用单因素试验及Fluent仿真模拟,从宏观、微观尺度阐明多分支汇流管路中的气流流动规律及总体气压损失原因,通过量纲分析法建立了总体压力损失(ΔP,Pa)与空气密度(ρ,kg/m^(3))、空气动力黏度(μ,Pa·s)、集管封闭端长度(L,mm)、入口支管1的入口流量(Q,m^(3)/s)、入口支管内径(d,mm)、入口支管长度(h,mm)、入口支管间距(δ,mm)、集管内径(γ,mm)、出口支管内径(D,mm)和出口支管长度(Δ,mm)关系的经验式。台架试验结果表明,所建立的经验式应用范围为0.0009 m^(3)/s≤Q≤0.0045 m^(3)/s,28 mm≤d≤45.2 mm,100 mm≤l≤200 mm、200 mm≤δ≤300 mm,42.6 mm≤γ≤81.4 mm,150 mm≤Δ≤250 mm,34 mm≤D≤42.6 mm、53.6 mm≤D≤57 mm,对多分支汇流管路总体压力损失的预测精度在经验式计算值的10%以内。所建立的经验式可为气吸式播种机多分支汇流管路的设计选型、结构优化提供参考。An air suction seeder has been widely used in the large-scale planting of rice,corn,vegetables,and rape,as well as the indoor factory seedling production,due to the high sowing accuracy,strong adaptability to seed size,low seed injury rate,high operating efficiency,and low cost of use.Among them,the seed metering device and air power system are two important core components of air suction seeders.Therefore,their operation can greatly contribute to the performance of the whole machine.It is also necessary for the stable air pressure supply and regulation in the air suction seed metering device pneumatic system.As such,the seeder can fully adapt to the sowing of various crops and have stable operation.Particularly,the multibranch convergence pipe is the key component of the seeder pneumatic system.The cooperative operation of one seeder and multiple rows of seeders can be realized to converge the negative pressure tributaries that are generated by multiple seeders into the total flow and then conveyed them to the pneumatic system fan.The internal geometric structure can also be optimized to improve the working performance of the air suction seeder.The mechanical structure of the seeder is no longer the main reason for the increase in pressure loss in the pneumatic system and energy consumption of the fan.However,energy loss can be produced,when the airflow is more likely to mix with each other at the tee position at the junction of the multi-branch pipe header and the branch pipe,as the airflow of the pneumatic seeder is restricted by the geometric mechanism of the multi-branch convergence pipe in the process of spatial transfer.The accuracy and rationality of the piping structure can be the key issue to reduce the pressure loss and energy consumption of the pneumatic system.Therefore,it is essential to explore the pressure loss of airflow in the multi-branch convergence pipe and then to reveal the fluid motion state in the process of manifold piping for the low-energy multi-branch convergence pipe structure.In thi

关 键 词：播种机 试验 气力系统 多分支汇流管路 FLUENT 量纲分析 

分 类 号：S233.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]