褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对盐碱土改良和向日葵产量的影响  

Impacts of combined application of lignite bioorganic fertilizer and flue gas desulfurization gypsum on saline-sodic soil amendment and sunflower yield

作　　者：吕轲彦 陈志君 李越 胡敏 熊云武 黄冠华[1,2,3] LYU Keyan;CHEN Zhijun;LI Yue;HU Min;XIONG Yunwu;HUANG Guanhua(National Key Laboratory of Efficient Use of Agricultural Water Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Chinese-Israel International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture,Beijing 100083,China;Center for Agricultural Water Research,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学中国-以色列国际农业研究培训中心,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第11期77-86,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点国际合作项目(52220105007);国家自然科学黄河水科学研究联合重点项目(U2243217);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(NMKJXM202004,NMKJXM202208)。

摘　　要：土壤盐碱化是中国西北干旱灌区农业可持续发展的关键制约因素之一。为探讨联合施用褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土改良的效果,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展了连续2 a的田间试验,分析了褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用对种植向日葵的盐碱农田土壤理化性质和水肥利用效率的影响。试验设置了6个处理:只施用化肥的对照处理(CK)、只施用2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥的处理(LBF),以及4个褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用的处理,即在施用2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥基础之上再分别施用5(LBF+F5)、10(LBF+F10)、15(LBF+F15)、20(LBF+F20)t/hm^(2)脱硫石膏。结果表明:在0~40 cm土层,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用显著改变了土壤盐分组成,增加了土壤中可溶性Ca^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)和Mg^(2+)的含量,降低了可溶性Na^(+)、CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)的含量。与对照处理相比,褐煤有机肥和脱硫石膏联合施用处理使0~20 cm土层土壤pH值和碱化度分别降低了0.29~0.88和18.34%~43.42%,有机质含量增加了39.89%~131.65%。此外,褐煤有机肥与脱硫石膏联合施用显著降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤团聚体稳定性,但过高的脱硫石膏施用量(≥15 t/hm^(2))会显著增加土壤盐分含量。总体而言,2 t/hm^(2)褐煤有机肥与10 t/hm^(2)脱硫石膏联合施用时对改善盐碱土壤理化性质的效果最显著,并可获得最高产量和水氮利用效率。与对照处理相比,其向日葵产量、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高44.45%、44.62%和80.46%。研究结果为河套灌区盐碱农田土壤改良与产能提升提供科学依据和参考。Soil salinization is one of the major limiting factors for the sustainable development of agriculture in the arid northwest China.Among them,flue gas desulfurization(FGD) gypsum from the coal-fired power plant can be widely used to improve the saline-sodic soil.At the same time,the lignite bioorganic fertilizer(LBF) has also been expected as an effective amendment for the better saline-sodic soil in recent years.However,little is known about the combined application of LBF and FGD gypsum on the physical and chemical properties of saline-sodic soil and sunflower growth.In this study,a two-year field experiment was conducted in 2021-2022,in order to investigate the effect of combining both LBF and FGD gypsum on the saline-sodic soil quality,crop yield,water use efficiency(WUE),and partial-factor productivity of N(PFPn) in the sunflower farmland at the Hetao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University,located in the Bayannur City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Soil samples of 0-40 cm soil layer were collected at the sunflower maturity stage.The sunflower yield,WUE,and PFPn were measured at the same time.Six treatments were considered,i.e.,a chemical fertilizer treatment(CK),and 2 t/hm^(2) LBF combined with 0(LBF),5(LBF+F5),10(LBF+F10),15(LBF+F15),and 20(LBF+F20) t/hm^(2) FGD gypsum application treatments.The results showed that the LBF treatment decreased the average content of Na+ by 23.33% in the 0-40 cm soil layer in 2022,compared with the CK treatment,but there was no effect on the other water-soluble ions.The LBF+F20 treatment increased the average contents of Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-) and Mg~(2+) by 450.71%,123.41%,and 391.90%,respectively,compared with the CK,whereas,there was the a decrease in the average contents of CO_3~(2-)+HCO_3~-by 48.29% in 0-40 soil layer.The LBF combined with the FGD gypsum treatments significantly decreased the average soil pH by 0.29-0.88 in the 0-20cm soil layer.The soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm soil layer was higher than that in the 20-40 cm soil layer.The

关 键 词：盐分 脱硫石膏 土壤 结构 氮肥偏生产力 褐煤有机肥 盐碱土 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]