南方丘陵灌区水田-塘堰-沟道系统水循环特征及回归水重复利用规律分析  

Hydrological cycle for Paddy-Ponds-Ditches system and reuse of return flow in Southern hilly irrigated areas

作　　者：邵培寅 熊玉江 袁念念[2] 彭正艺 李亚龙[2] 苏沛兰[1] 魏广飞 叶磊 林晓炜 SHAO Peiyin;XIONG Yujiang;YUAN Niannian;PENG Zhengyi;LI Yalong;SU Peilan;WEI Guangfei;YE Lei;LIN Xiaowei(College of Water Resources Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;Agricultural Water Conservancy Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Zhanghe Hydranlic Project Administration Bureau,Jingmen 448156,China;Jiangsu Kejia Engineering Design Company,Wuxi 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院农业水利研究所,武汉430010 [3]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [4]湖北省漳河工程管理局,荆门448156 [5]江苏省科佳工程设计有限公司,无锡214000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第11期106-117,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-水利部-中国长江三峡集团有限公司长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2040213);清华大学联合开放基金项目(sklhse-2022-Iow09);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124249、20210302124370)。

摘　　要：南方丘陵灌区因其地势起伏、塘堰众多,为农田灌溉储水、用水提供了便利,导致灌区水循环路径复杂、不同系统水量交换不清晰、回归水重复利用无法定量计算。为了探明灌区水循环规律,通过2 a(2021—2022年)现场观测试验,对水田、塘堰和沟道分别构建水量平衡模型,提出“首尾比较法”来复核田间灌溉水量,区分了回归水重复利用的发生场所,分生育期评价水循环规律和回归水重复利用程度。结果表明,通过水田水量平衡公式并结合DRAINMOD模型计算的田间灌水量,2 a的结果与塘堰、沟道和渠道灌溉实测值之和的相对误差分别4.65%和-2.74%,表明“首尾比较法”复核灌溉水量较为可靠。在田间灌溉水不同来源中,渠道直灌、沟道、塘堰分别占9.77%、71.81%和18.42%。由于灌溉需求,整个生育期塘堰消耗了82.73%的初始蓄水量,渠道补给、降雨、沟道来水分别补充了38.15%、29.98%和14.60%。塘堰回归水重复利用率全生育期呈逐渐减小的趋势,沟道是回归水重复利用的主要场所,且回归水重复利用率是塘堰的2倍(80.86%)。渠道灌溉水初次分配仅有29.44%进入田间,但是塘堰和沟道二次分配使得至少72.10%的渠道水进入田间。南方丘陵灌区塘堰和沟道水循环受人类活动影响严重。灌区管理者“补给塘堰为主、直灌田间为辅”的灌溉策略符合农民需求、实际灌溉效率较高。The hydrological cycle in irrigation areas under the influence of anthropogenic activities has emerged as a significant topic in the realm of water science research.The southern hilly irrigation area of China,characterized by its undulating terrain and myriad ponds,presents a unique opportunity for water storage and paddy field irrigation.However,these distinct landscape features have also given rise to a complex hydrological cycle with unclear exchange dynamics and a paucity of quantitative calculations on the reuse of return flow.To explore the fundamental laws governing water circulation in irrigation areas,we embarked on in-situ field trials over the 2a period(2021-2022),with the Yang-shu-dang watershed in the Zhanghe Irrigation System of Hubei Province,China,serving as our study area.Our approach entailed monitoring the groundwater depth of 4 typical paddy fields,the water storage levels of 5 typical ponds,as well as the flow of the bucket ditch outlet.The complexity of the hydrological cycle in southern hilly irrigation areas necessitates the development of a novel water balance formula for paddy fields,ponds,and ditches,respectively,that accurately captures their unique features.To this end,we conceived of a method for reviewing the water volume of the source and sink areas in paddy field irrigation water delivery,known as 'start-to-end comparison',which enables us to discern the locations in which reuse of return flow is taking place.Through the evaluation of the hydrological cycle and the extent of reuse of return flow during various reproductive stages,we obtained valuable insights into the significant ways in which human activities have disrupted the hydrological balance in southern hilly irrigation areas.The findings of our study revealed several valuable insights.First,the relative error for the 2 a period of paddy irrigation water amount computed by the water balance formula and the DRAINMOD model,as well as the total irrigation water volume from ponds,ditches,and channels were 4.65% and-2.74%,respe

关 键 词：排水 灌溉 水循环 水量平衡 南方丘陵灌区 回归水重复利用 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] S27[水利工程—水文学及水资源]