北京园林树木物候的年代际变化——多物候阶段的树种响应  

Interdecadal Variation of Tree Phenology in Beijing:The Species-Specific Response for Diverse Phenophases

作　　者：邢小艺 董丽[2] 范舒欣 张梦园 郝培尧[2] 李坤[2,3] XING Xiaoyi;DONG Li;FAN Shuxin;ZHANG Mengyuan;HAO Peiyao;LI Kun(College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei,China,430070;School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,China,100083;College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,311300)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]北京林业大学园林学院,北京100083 [3]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《园林》2023年第8期21-31,共11页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“武汉园林树木的气候敏感性评估”(编号:2662022YLQD002)。

摘　　要：近30年来加剧的气候变化已经显著改变了北温带森林的树木物候,并对城市植被生态与景观产生长远影响。尽管此前已有研究揭示北京地带性植被生长季与花叶物候的整体变化趋势和气候响应特征,物候响应的种间差异及各物候阶段的响应敏感性仍有待进一步探究。聚焦1980s-2010s北京植物园45种园林树木物候的年代际变化,旨在揭示不同树种、各物候阶段的物候响应特征和响应敏感性差异。结果表明,与30年前相比,各树种始花期、盛花期和末花期分别平均提前10.2日、7.5日、2.4日(p<0.05),开花持续期延长,每日同步开花树种增多;各树种展叶始期平均提前7.8日(p<0.05),秋色盛期及落叶末期分别平均延后7日、7.8日(p<0.05),导致生长季及叶幕期显著延长(p<0.05)。以物候变化量绝对值衡量特定物候阶段的响应敏感性,发现与其他物候阶段相比,始花期的响应敏感性最为突出且种间一致性较强,而叶衰老物候在响应方向及程度上的种间差异最为显著,开花、展叶物候的响应差异导致8个树种的花叶时序发生颠倒。以始花期、末花期、展叶始期及落叶末期的响应敏感性标准化值均值衡量各树种的综合物候敏感性并作树种聚类分析,发现玉兰、紫丁香、华北珍珠梅、元宝枫、黄刺玫等树种呈高物候敏感性,文冠果、毛泡桐、桑、碧桃、楸等树种呈低物候敏感性,且大部分树种各物候阶段的敏感性特征并不均衡,需予以持续关注和进一步探究。面对持续变暖、极端性增强的气候变化趋势,研究结果可从树种层面为提高北京城市植被景观与生态的气候适应性提供一定参考。Climate change has significantly shifted tree phenology in the Northern Hemisphereand brought cascading impacts on the ecology and landscape of urban vegetation.Though extensive research has revealed the general trend of phenological variation and response pattern of Beijing’s regional vegetation,the interspecific difference in the phenophase-specific phenological response still needs further exploration.This research explored the interdecadal phenological variation of 45 woody species in Beijing Botanical Garden between the 1980s and 2010s,to reveal the phenological response characteristics and response sensitivity of various species for diverse phenophases.Based on the species-average value,compared with thirty years ago,flower phenophases-first flowering date(FFD),peak flowering date(PFD),and end of flowering date(EFD)advance by 10.2 days,7.5 days,and 2.4 days respectively(p<0.05),which caused extension of flower duration and increase in daily frequency of simultaneous blooming species.As to leaf phenophases,first leaf unfolding(FLU)advanced by 7.8 days(p<0.05),peak leaf colouration(PLC)and end of leaf fall(ELF)delayed by 7 days and 7.8 days,respectively(p<0.05),leading to the extension of the growing season and canopy duration(p<0.05).The response sensitivity for a certain phenophase was evaluated with the absolute phenological variation(APV)value.Compared with other phenophases,FFD showed the most prominent phenological sensitivity and higher interspecific consistency in the response,while a much larger interspecific diversity in phenological sensitivity existed in leaf senescence,and the divergent phenological variation between FFD and FLU caused a reversal of leaf-flower sequence for eight species.For species clustering analysis,the comprehensive phenological sensitivity was measured with the average APV of four non-linear phenophases(FFD,EFD,FLU,ELF).The species with high-level comprehensive phenological sensitivity included Yulania denudata,Syringa oblata,Sorbaria kirilowii,Acer truncatum,Rosa xanthina

关 键 词：树木物候 年代际变化 种间差异 物候阶段 响应敏感性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]