发展中国家特殊与差别待遇问题的特征与改革方向  

Special and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries:Features and Reform Directions

作　　者：任靓[1] 林创伟[2] REN Liang;LIN Chuangwei(Beijing Union University;Guangdong University of Foreign Studies)

机构地区：[1]北京联合大学商务学院 [2]广东外语外贸大学国际经济贸易研究院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2023年第7期51-62,共12页Intertrade

基　　金：国家自然科学基金应急专项“‘一带一路’”建设与WTO规则的对接研究(71941001);北京市教委与北京市自然科学基金联合立项科技计划重点项目“北京服务业开放与服务业生产率的关联性研究”(KZ201811417050);广东省哲学社会科学一般项目“中国扩大进口战略研究”(GD19CYJ06)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：发展中国家的特殊与差别待遇是多边贸易体系长期争论的问题,争论内容覆盖发展中国家的定义、“毕业”,特殊与差别待遇的有效性,对发展中国家的技术援助等,争论的核心是“毕业”和有效性等问题,“公平”则是判断各种改革建议的基本标准。目前,世界贸易组织在特殊与差别待遇问题的改革上陷入僵局,美国的政策不仅否定了多哈回合关于发展中国家待遇问题的改革方向,还要实现未来与“毕业”的发展中国家在对等基础上进行自由化谈判,离间我国与发达国家和其他发展中国家之间的关系,从而服务于孤立我国的目标。文章认为我国应选择有别于发展中国家传统立场,以维护公平为原则,在坚持提升特殊与差别待遇有效性的前提下,以实际需要为改革导向,提出具有创新性和建设性的解决方案。可以《贸易便利化协定》的自主选择履约方式为基础,根据谈判协议的特征,灵活设计成员的履约模式,并将履约能力同技术援助挂钩。Special and Differential Treatment(SDT)is a subject of intense debates in the history of the multi-lateral trading system.The debates cover a wide range of issues such as definition of developing countries,“gradua-tion”,effectiveness of SDT provisions,unity of developing countries and technical assistance.The US proposal would have several negative effects on the multilateral trade system,including undermining the unity of developing countries,changing the direction of the SDT reform set out by the Doha Ministerial Conference in 2001,termina-ting the long-time practice by each GATT/WTO member to self-designate its developing country status and land-ing the large and high-income developing countries as net losers of the game.Today,the SDT reform is trapped in a deadlock.To keep the WTO wheels moving,the paper suggests that China take a differentiated position from that of the traditional developing countries and,act innovatively and constructively.In particular,China should make the fairness the core of its proposals.The paper argues that the varied types of Trade Facilitation Agreement model that respects self-determination of developing countries may represent a promising direction.More specifically,these proposals should be needs-oriented and implementation modes be designed flexibly in accordance with the features of agreements,with technical assistance being linked to capacity building.

关 键 词：特殊与差别待遇 发展中国家 毕业 有效性 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] F743.1[经济管理—产业经济]