残奥单板滑雪出发阶段的运动生物力学分析--基于北京冬残奥会运动员武中伟的测试结果  

Sports Biomechanical Analysis of Snowboarding in the Starting Phase of the Paralympic Games--Based on the Test Results of Beijing Winter Paralympic Games Athlete WU Zhongwei

作　　者：李健 侯亚丽 孟春雷[1] 王向东 强丽英 焦明月 LI Jian;HOU Yali;MENG Chunlei;WANG Xiangdong;QIANG Liying;JIAO Mingyue(School of Physical Education,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,China;School of Physical Education,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学体育学院,山西太原030031 [2]集美大学体育学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2023年第3期32-40,45,共10页China Winter Sports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”专项(2018YF F0300605);山西省研究生教育创新项目(2021Y455)。

摘　　要：出发技术在残奥单板滑雪项目中具有重要地位,研究影响运动员出发的运动学及动力学因素,可以为指导训练提供科学依据。运用三维高速摄像设备、Simi Motion录像解析法及表面肌电测试法,对国家冬残奥单板滑雪运动员武中伟的出发技术进行运动生物力学分析。结果显示:拉门阶段肩关节、肘关节角度变化与速度呈显著负相关,角速度变化与速度呈正相关;助滑缓冲阶段的运动表现显著受拉门阶段重心的影响;腾空阶段核心肌群贡献率最大;落地阶段腾空高度及落地路线的选择对后续滑行速度影响显著。建议拉门阶段双臂充分牵引,要注重对手臂推压与重心下压时机的把握;助滑缓冲阶段前期压低重心优势明显,腾空阶段要充分发挥核心肌群及上肢提拉的作用;要提高出发台腾空位置至雪坝斜坡的高度差,以增加动能;落地阶段要充分发挥双臂及核心肌群的制动作用,实现平稳着陆。Starting technique has an important position in Paralympic snowboarding event.Studying the kinematics and kinematics factors that affect athletes'starting can provide scientific basis for guiding training.Using 3D high-speed camera equipment,Simi Motion video analysis method and surface electromyography test method,this paper has a sports biomechanical analysis of the starting technique of National Winter Paralympic snowboarder WU Zhongwei.The results show that the changes in shoulder and elbow joint angles during the pulling door phase were significantly negatively correlated with velocity,and the changes in angular velocity were positively correlated with velocity;The sports performance in the sliding aid and buffering phase is significantly influenced by the center of gravity in the pulling door phase;the core muscles contributed the most in the vacating phase;the height of vacating and the choice of landing route in the landing phase had a significant effect on the subsequent skating speed.It is recommended to provide sufficient traction with both arms during the pulling door phase and to pay attention to the timing of arm pushing pressure and center of gravity pressing;The advantage of lowering the center of gravity is obvious in the early phase of the sliding aid and buffering phase,and the role of core muscles stability and upper limb lifting should be fully played in the vacating phase.To increase the height diference from the vacated position of the departure platform to the slope of snow dam to increase kinetic energy;In the landing phase,the braking effect of both arms and core muscles stability should be fully exerted to achieve a smooth landing.

关 键 词：冬残奥会 残奥单板滑雪 武中伟 出发技术 生物力学 肌电测试 

分 类 号：G811.228[文化科学—体育学] G863.16