纳米碳材料基复合燃烧催化剂的应用研究进展  

Research Progress in the Application of Nano Carbon Based Composite Combustion Catalysts

作　　者：张震 赵凤起[1] 秦钊[1] 张明 李辉[1] 李娜[1] 姜一帆 蒋周峰 张建侃 刘鹤欣 ZHANG Zhen;ZHAO Feng-qi;QIN Zhao;ZHANG Ming;LI Hui;LI Na;JIANG Yi-fan;JIANG Zhou-feng;ZHANG Jian-kan;LIU He-xin(National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials,Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所含能材料全国重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第7期589-608,I0005,共21页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.52027809)。

摘　　要：总结了不同纳米碳材料基复合燃烧催化剂在固体推进剂中的研究与应用,分析了碳纳米管、石墨烯、纳米碳纤维、纳米炭黑、纳米活性炭等碳材料及其复合物对推进剂及其组分的热分解和燃烧调节作用,如降低AP、RDX等氧化剂的分解峰温、提高推进剂的燃烧速率和降低压强指数等。讨论了不同轻质纳米碳材料的特性和作为载体与金属粒子及其氧化物等结合形成负载催化剂的制备方法和燃烧催化作用。建议今后研究方向应致力于:拓展如碳点、含氮碳材料等新材料的设计及制备等,提高纳米碳材料基复合燃烧催化剂的催化活性;对纳米碳材料进行表面结构改性,以提高纳米粒子分散性;深入探究纳米碳基复合材料在固体推进剂中的催化机理以开展定向应用研究;对已有研究进行总结推演,利用机器学习快速设计和筛选高效燃烧催化剂,有效改善固体推进剂燃速、压强指数及燃烧稳定性等。The researches and applications of different nano carbon based composite combustion catalysts in solid propellants were summarized.The catalytic effects and combustion regulation effects of carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon nanofibers,nano carbon black,nano activated carbon and their composites on the thermal decomposition of solid propellants and solid propellant components were analyzed,for example,the decomposition peak temperature of oxidizer such as AP and RDX is decreased,and the combustion rate of propellant is increased and the pressure index is lower.The characteristics of different light nano carbon structured materials and the preparation methods and combustion catalysis of supported catalysts by combining with metal particles and oxides were discussed.Based on the summary of the current research progress in the application of nano carbon materials based composite combustion catalysts,it is suggested that the future research direction should be focused on:expanding the design and preparation of new materials,such as carbon points and nitrogen-containing carbon materials to improve the catalytic activity of composite combustion catalysts based on nano-carbon materials;modifying the surface structure of nano carbon materials to improve the dispersion of nano-particles;investigating the catalytic mechanism of nano carbon matrix composites in solid propellant more deeply to carry out directional application research;summarizing and deducing the existing researches,and designing and screening the high efficiency combustion catalyst by machine learning,which could effectively improve the burning rate,pressure index and combustion stability of solid propellant.

关 键 词：纳米材料 轻质碳材料 固体推进剂 复合材料 燃烧催化剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]