消除影响请求权的体系整合与制度构造  

The System Intergration and Doctrinal Construction of the Claim of Eliminating Influence

作　　者：温世扬[1] 刘昶 Wen Shiyang;Liu Chang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第4期66-81,共16页Law and Economy

摘　　要：消除影响的规范目标是消除相关公众产生的错误认识。名誉权、标表型人格权、知识产权皆可纳入消除影响请求权的适用范围。立法表述中的“恢复名誉”因可完全被消除影响的规范内涵所吸收,且不具有类型化的解释论意义,故属于立法赘文。消除影响不具有预防与保全功能,应区别于绝对权请求权,系以过错为责任成立基础的债权请求权。作为一项事实陈述,消除影响的目标是通过恢复原状的方式弥补损害,应将之区别于赔礼道歉,后者作为意见表达,意在为受害者提供精神慰藉,且不可被强制执行。在制度构造上,消除影响的适用应以相关公众确实产生了错误认识为前提,但是在个别情形下,法院可直接依据经验法则作出事实推定,原告不需要证明不良影响已经现实发生。应将比例原则纳入评价机制,以此判断被告所应承担的消除影响义务的方式与限度。The normative goal of impact elimination is to eliminate the public's wrong understanding.The right of reputation,the right of personality and intellectual property can all be included in the scope of application of the claim of impact elimination.“Restoring reputation”in legislative expression belongs to legislative excretion because it can be completely absorbed by the normative connotation of eliminating the influence,and does not have the typed interpretive significance.The elimination of influence does not have the function of prevention and preservation,and should be different from the absolute right of claim,which is the right of claim based on fault.As a statement of fact,the goal of eliminating influence is to repair the damage by means of restitution,which should be distinguished from an apology,which is an expression of opinion intended to provide moral comfort to the victim and is not enforceable.In terms of specific structure,the application of the elimination of impact should be based on the premise that the relevant public does have a wrong understanding,but in individual cases,the court can directly make a presumption of fact based on the rule of thumb,and the plaintiff does not need to prove that the adverse impact has actually happened.The principle of proportionality should be incorporated into the evaluation mechanism to judge the way and limit of the defendant's obligation to eliminate the impact.

关 键 词：《民法典》 消除影响 债权请求权 恢复原状 比例原则 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]