论侵害个人信息权益的精神损害赔偿  

The Moral Damage Compensation on the Personal Information Interests Infringement

作　　者：李东宇 Li Dongyu

机构地区：[1]吉林大学司法数据应用研究中心

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第4期134-148,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：2022年度中国法学会民法学研究会青年学者研究项目“民法一般条款的规范体系与适用方法研究”(2022MFXH002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：个人信息权益被侵害者主张精神损害赔偿具有正当性,《民法典》第1183条第1款和《个人信息保护法》第69条第1款均可作为请求权基础,二者的区别在于侵权人是否为个人信息处理者。“严重精神损害”系价值开放概念,其决定了《民法典》第1183条第1款系精神损害赔偿领域的一般条款,作为该条款具体化的《个人信息保护法》第69条第1款应对其予以延续;在认定时,应以社会公众的容忍限度为准,考量被侵害个人信息的类型与数量、损害后果的辐射范围与持续时间等因素。现有计算赔偿数额的实际损害赔偿规则与侵权人获利赔偿规则缺乏可适用性,而法院酌定数额规则存在缺乏上下限约束与部分考量因素不合理的问题,故应补充法定个案赔偿限额与总额上限标准,并以侵权人的身份与主观状态、侵权行为的情节、损害后果的辐射范围与持续时间等作为确定赔偿数额的考量因素。The person whose personal information interests have been infringed has the right to claim moral damage compensation.Both Article 1183(1)of the Civil Code and Article 69(1)of the Personal Information Protection Law can be used as the basis of the claim,and the most significant difference between the two articles is whether the infringer is a personal information processor.The serious moral damage is an open-valued concept,which determines that Article 1183(1)of the Civil Code is a general clause in the field of moral damage compensation.Since the Article 69(1)of the Personal Information Protection Law is the concrete implementation of Article 1183(1)of the Civil Code,serious moral damage should be also applied in Article 69(1).When interpret serious moral damage,the tolerance limit of the public shall be considered as the standard,and the type and quantity of personal information,the radiation range and duration of the damage,etc.should also be taken into account.The existing criteria of actual moral damages and infringer's profits for calculating the compensation are not applicable.Although the court's discretionary criterion is applicable,there are drawbacks of lack of limitation and unreasonable considerations.Therefore,the statutory compensation limit standard and the total upper limit standard should be supplemented,and the status and subjective states of the infringer,the circumstances of the infringement,and the radiation range and duration of the damage should be taken into consideration in determining the amount of compensation.

关 键 词：个人信息权益 严重精神损害 赔偿限额 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]