社会资本参与提升了养老机构效率吗?——基于北京发展经验的实证分析  

Does the Participation of the Private Sector Improve the Efficiency of Elderly Care Institutions?A Case Study of Beijing

作　　者：康蕊 李民 KANG Rui;LI Min

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院 [2]中国社会科学院大学经济学院

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2023年第2期28-42,共15页Social Policy Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“医养结合养老服务模式的治理体系研究”(项目批准号:20CRK012)。

摘　　要：本文运用2013—2018年北京市各区的养老机构数据,通过DEA法测算了基于投入—产出模型的养老机构效率值,并探究了社会资本参与对养老服务效率的影响及其影响机制。研究发现:养老机构类型能够显著影响其运营和服务效率,且较公办机构而言,社会资本参与型机构的效率更高。影响机制检验发现,政府与社会资本合作(Public-Private Partnerships,PPP)模式通过“收入高”“成本低”提升了养老机构的效率。具体而言:1)PPP模式下养老机构营业收入的影响机制不明显,目前还主要依赖于政府补贴等;2)PPP模式降低了社会资本在固定资产之上的成本支出,并通过科学化管理手段等减少了运营费用支出。超特大城市未来应通过坚持鼓励社会资本参与养老机构建设,持续为社会资本减负以增强机构发展的内生动力,引导社会参与型机构设计多样化的服务和收费水平等级以提升入住率等措施扩大养老服务供给。Base on the data of elderly care institutions in various districts of Beijing from 2013 to 2018,we design an input-output model to measure the efficiency of elderly care institutions through the DEA method in order to examine the impact of private sector participation on the efficiency of elderly care services and discover the impact mechanisms.This study finds that the type of elderly care institutions can significantly affect their operation and service efficiency.In addition,compared with public institutions,the efficiency of those in the private sector is higher.The impact mechanism test finds that the model of the Public-Private Partnership(PPP)has improved the efficiency of elderly care institutions through imposing"high income"and"low cost".In specific,first,under the PPP model,there is an insignificant impact mechanism of the operating income in the elderly care institutions,which mainly relies on government subsidies;and second,the PPP model reduces the expenditure on fixed assets for the private sector,and also reduces operating expenses through scientific management methods.This conclusion has certain significance for expanding the supply of elderly care services in super large cities.The paper recommends to encourage the private sector to participate in the operation of elderly care institutions in order to reduce its burden to enhance the endogenous dynamics of development of institutions.Finally,PPP institutions should design diversified services and payment levels to increase the occupancy rate.

关 键 词：社会资本 配置效率 公办民营 PPP 模式 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学] F719[政治法律—中外政治制度]