视野受限定量控制条件下疏散人员运动特性研究  

Movement characteristics of evacuees under the quantitative control of limited visibility

作　　者：曹淑超 李阳 倪捷[1] 武晓晖[1] CAO Shu-chao;LI Yang;NI Jie;WU Xiao-hui(School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第5期1636-1642,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72001095);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M681507);火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题项目(HZ2021-KF03)。

摘　　要：为探究视野受限环境对疏散人员运动速度和步态特征的影响,通过设计安全可靠的试验方法实现人员不同程度的视野受限状态及定量化测量,开展不同能见度条件下的个体疏散试验,提取行人高精度运动轨迹,分析视野受限条件对人员运动速度、步长、步宽和步进时间的影响。结果表明:在低能见度环境中,行人无法保持直行,身体摆动幅度较大。运动速度和步长随着能见度的增加而增加,而步宽与步进时间呈现相反的趋势。当人员视距大于8 m时,疏散速度并无显著差异,采用对数函数拟合获得能见度与运动参数间的定量关系。通过线性拟合速度与步态参数关系,发现步长随着速度的增大而增加,而步宽和步进时间与速度成反比。To investigate the influence of limited visibility conditions on the walking speed and stepping mechanism of pedestrians,a safe and reliable experimental method is firstly proposed to simulate the restricted visual conditions by wearing goggles with different light transmittances in a suitable illumination environment.Besides,to quantitatively measure the limited degree of pedestrian vision,participants were asked to identify the arrow direction on the evacuation sign hung on the wall.Based on the above measurement method,a series of visibility gradients were successfully obtained in the measurement experiments.Subsequently,movement experiments of individuals were performed under different visibility conditions.High-precise individual trajectories under limited visibilities were extracted by using the image processing software.The influence of different levels of visibility conditions on evacuees’speed,step length,step width,and step time was analyzed.The results show that poor visibility conditions have a serious impact on pedestrian movement.Individuals cannot walk straight and the fluctuation of body sway is also large at low visibilities.With the increase of light transmittance,the visible distance of individuals gradually increases.Meanwhile,the differences in the visual distance caused by individual differences in visual acuity also increase.The evacuation speed and step length increase by 30.9%and 28.1%respectively when the light transmittance changes from 0.1%to 100%,while the step width and the step time show the opposite trends that they decrease by 53.6%and 28%respectively.T test result indicates that the difference in walking speed is not significant when the visible distance is larger than 8m.A logarithmic function is adopted to fit the relations between visibility and movement parameters.The relations between walking speed and gait parameters show that the step length increases with the increment of speed,while the step width and step time are inversely proportional to the speed.Moreover,it is fou

关 键 词：安全工程 人员疏散 视野受限 行走速度 步态特征 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]