基于声学引导的元胞自动机疏散仿真研究  

Simulation study of evacuation undersound source guidance based on cellautomatic machine

作　　者：刘月婵 王安然 余俊 孙超[1] 李俊岩 叶成豪 LIU Yue-chan;WANG An-ran;YU Jun;SUN Chao;LI Jun-yan;YE Cheng-hao(School of Measurement-Control Technology and Communication Engineering,Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学测控技术与通信工程学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第5期1679-1689,共11页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(11704090)。

摘　　要：为了提高大型公共建筑人群疏散效率,采用广度优先搜索算法(Breadth First Search,BFS)建立“静态场强”,以声学引导、心理行为特性等信息建立“动态场强”,构建基于声学引导的疏散模型,并利用此模型研究不同声源特性对疏散的影响。结果表明,通过声学引导可以有效改变人的行为,使区域内的人员快速选择最优路径,大幅提高疏散效率。声源信号引导人员朝着同方向移动,在狭窄区域内易产生瓶颈现象。当背景噪声过高或声源频率与材料的最大吸声系数频率相近时,声学引导对疏散效率的提升较为有限。This paper mainly studies the influence of acoustic guidance with different sound source characteristics on the evacuation of pedestrians in large buildings.In the first place,a large-scale building model was established by AutoCAD.The sound source position and sound source characteristics are added to the model by COMSOL for performing acoustic simulations with the acoustics module to obtain sound pressure level data.MATLAB is used to analyze the Psychological and behavioral characteristics of the pedestrian evacuation process.The breadthfirst search algorithm is used to calculate the“static field strength”in the model,and“Dynamic field strength”is obtained by simulating and calculating information such as sound pressure level and psychological behavior characteristics.Finally,cellular automata are used to carry out numerical simulations of pedestrian evacuation under the influence of acoustic guidance.The results show that it is demonstrated that reasonable acoustic guidance can improve the evacuation efficiency of pedestrians.Acoustic guidance can change the trajectory of pedestrians during the evacuation process,enabling pedestrians to quickly select the optimal evacuation path,greatly improving evacuation efficiency of pedestrians.Pedestrian evacuation efficiency can be improved by 63.5%by using the acoustic guidance model without considering noise interference and material sound absorption.With a high density of the crowd,the improvement of the evacuation efficiency of the pedestrian by acoustic guidance is limited,but it is still better than the evacuation model without acoustic guidance.If the background noise is too high or the frequency of the sound source is close to the frequency of the maximum sound absorption coefficient of the material,the improvement of the evacuation efficiency by acoustic guidance is relatively limited.In practical applications,it should be avoided that the frequency of the sound source is close to the sound absorption frequency of the existing material.

关 键 词：安全工程 元胞自动机 声学引导 声源特性 人群疏散 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]