膜下滴灌条件下棉花花铃期光合特征参数对干旱胁迫的响应  

Response of Photosynthetic Characteristic Parameters of Cotton at Flower and Boll Stages to Drought Stress Under Mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：陈雪 吉春容 巴特尔·巴克[1] 胡启瑞[2] 杨明凤 郭燕云 刘爱琳 CHEN Xue;JI Chunrong;BAKE Batur;HU Qirui;YANG Mingfeng;GUO Yanyun;LIU Ailin(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Information Centre of Xinjiang Xingnong-Net/Xinjiang Agro-meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002;Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002;Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Station,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832000)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆兴农网信息中心/新疆农业气象台,乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [4]乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第19期1-8,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“滴灌模式下绿洲棉田干旱发生与致灾解除过程特征及其临界条件研究”(41975146);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“气候变暖背景下北疆主棉区棉花高温热害风险区划”(2022D01A295);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“新疆粮棉气象灾害发生规律研究及防控智慧化平台建设”(2022B02001-1)。

摘　　要：为明确膜下滴灌模式下棉花光合特征参数对干旱的响应程度及其关键阈值,针对花铃期棉花开展4种不同水分梯度的持续干旱胁迫模拟试验,分析棉田干旱发生发展过程中,棉花叶片光合特征参数的响应变化规律及其影响阈值。结果表明:干旱胁迫10 d后,不同水分梯度处理棉田进入了不同程度的干旱发展过程。干旱胁迫初期,棉花叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)呈现大幅度下降趋势;随干旱胁迫时间延长,各参数数值差异趋于稳定,说明棉花在面对持续干旱时通过调整光合速率来提高抗旱适应性。棉花光合特征参数因干旱影响而显著降低时的临界土壤相对湿度为46%~52%、相应的叶片含水率为70.8%~71.3%。随着干旱发生发展,叶片光合作用由气孔限制转向非气孔限制时的土壤湿度为41%±1%,相应的叶片含水率为66.1%±0.3%。研究结果可为滴灌模式下绿洲棉田干旱发生程度判识以及选择不同时间节点采取不同程度复水措施提供参考依据。In order to clarify the response degree and key threshold of cotton photosynthetic characteristic parameters to drought under mulched drip irrigation,four kinds of continuous drought stress simulation tests with different water gradients were carried out for cotton at flowering and boll stage,and the response and influence threshold of cotton leaf photosynthetic characteristic parameters during the occurrence and development of cotton drought were analyzed.The results revealed that after 10 days of drought stress,cotton fields under different water gradients entered different degrees of drought development.At the start of drought stress,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of cotton leaves decreased significantly.As drought stress progressed,the differences in the values of each parameter stabilized,which indicated that cotton could improve its drought resistance adaptability by adjusting photosynthetic rate in the face of persistent drought.The critical soil relative moisture was 46%-52%and the corresponding leaf moisture content was 70.8%-71.3%when the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of cotton were significantly reduced due to drought.With the occurrence and development of drought,the soil moisture was 41%±1%and the corresponding leaf water content was 66.1%±0.3%when the leaf photosynthesis changed from stomatal restriction to non-stomatal restriction.The results of this study can provide reference for identification of drought occurrence degree of oasis cotton field under mulched drip irrigation and the selection of different time nodes to take different degrees of rehydration measures.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 响应阈值 光合特征参数 膜下滴灌 棉花 花铃期 

分 类 号：S561[农业科学—作物学]