果用皂荚优良无性系选育研究  

Study on the Screening and Breeding of Superior Clones for Fruiting Saponaria

作　　者：韩丽君 Han Lijun(Shanxi Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Taiyuan 030012)

机构地区：[1]山西省林业和草原科学研究院,太原030012

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第20期22-30,共9页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广项目“皂荚良种—帅荚1号繁育与栽培技术示范”(晋2022TG13号);山西省科技成果转化引导专项“皂荚良种培育及野皂荚改造技术成果推广”(202204021301069)。

摘　　要：对山西省皂荚Gleditsia sinensis野生种质资源进行评价并定向选育优良无性系,为果用皂荚良种选育提供理论支撑和种质资源。在单株筛选的基础上,对表型和经济性状表现较好的6个单株,进行无性系测定和区域试验,并进行决选。果用皂荚无性系间的荚果长、荚果厚、荚果宽、荚果质量、千粒质量、出籽率等性状指标存在丰富的变异。不同无性系之间结果株率存在明显的差异,无性系LKZG-009的早实性最好,平均结果株率为80.3%。不同无性系间丰产性存在着显著差异,无性系LKZG-004的丰产性最好,鲜荚产量为61个/m^(2),比对照提高39.3%。稳定性评价表明,无性系LKZG-004稳定性较好,而无性系LKZG-023稳定性较差。适应性评价表明,无性系LKZG-004具较强的适应性,无性系LKZG-023具有特定的适应性。本研究对6个优树无性系进行无性系测定和区域化试验,选育出性状优良并可以在生产中推广应用的2个优良无性系:LKZG-004和LKZG-023。This paper focused on evaluation of the wild genetic resources of Gleditsia sinensis in Shanxi Province and targeted selection of superior clones to provide theoretical support and resources for the screening and breeding of superior fruit soap pods.Based on screening superior single plants,six individual plants with better performance in phenotypic and economic traits were subjected for clone determination and regional trials,and make a final determination.Variability was abundant among clones for attributes such as pod length,pod thickness,pod width,single fruit mass,thousand-grain mass,seed yield,hull ratio,and saponin ratio.There were significant differences in the individual fruiting rate among different clones.The clone LKZG-009 yielded the earliest fruit with an average fruiting rate of 80.3%.There were significant differences in fruitfulness among different clones.The clone LKZG-004 had the highest yield of 61 fresh pods/m^(2),which was 39.3%higher than the control treatment.Stability evaluation showed that the clone LKZG-004 was more stable,while the clone LKZG-023 was less stable.Adaptability evaluation showed that the clone LKZG-004 had strong adaptability,and the clone LKZG-023 had special adaptability.In this research,six superior clones were tested for clone determination and regional trials,and two superior clones with excellent traits were selected and could be used in production:LKZG-004 and LKZG-023.

关 键 词：皂荚 果用 无性系 选育 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]