四种品系中华鳖的形态差异和通径分析  

Morphological Variation and Path Analysis of Four Strains of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)

作　　者：王芬[1,2] 宋光同 陈祝[1,2] 徐彬 季索菲 周翔 徐笑娜[1,2] 侯冠军 张晔 李端 朱成骏[2] 苏友风 董振兴 蒋业林 WANG Fen;SONG Guangtong;CHEN Zhu;XU Bin;JI Suofei;ZHOU Xiang;XU Xiaona;HOU Guanjun;ZHANG Ye;LI Duan;ZHU Chengjun;SU Youfeng;DONG ZhenXing;JIANG Yelin(Fisheries Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anhui Key Laboratory of Aquaculture and Stock Enhancement,Hefei 230031;Anhui Engineering Research Center for Turtle Farming Technology/Anhui Xijia Agricultural Development Co.Ltd,Bengbu,Anhui 233701;Ma’anshan Chunsheng Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Ma’anshan Anhui 243000;Xuancheng Tongle Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Xuancheng Anhui 242057;Tongcheng Sushi Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd,Tongcheng Anhui 231400;Hefei Yadu Rensi Breeding Cooperative,Hefei Anhui 231141;Anhui Yutao Agricultural Technology Co.,LTD,Hefei Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所/水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]安徽省鳖类养殖工程技术研究中心/安徽省喜佳农业发展有限公司,安徽蚌埠233701 [3]马鞍山春盛生态农业有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [4]宣城铜乐农业开发有限公司,安徽宣城242057 [5]桐城市苏氏农业发展有限公司,安庆桐城231400 [6]合肥雅度人思养殖专业合作社,安徽合肥231141 [7]安徽省昱涛农业科技有限公司,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第20期147-154,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项项目“长江鳖良种选育及健康生态养殖关键技术研究与示范”(18030701171);“黄河鳖、淮河鳖杂交选育及绿色健康养殖关键技术研究与示范”(202003a0602006);安徽省重点研发计划项目“鱼菜共生产业化关键技术合作研究与应用”(202104b11020024);安徽省水产产业技术体系项目“安徽省现代农业水产产业技术体系”(皖农科函[2021]711号)。

摘　　要：为研究安徽境内不同品系中华鳖种质资源的形态差异,以省内主养的4种中华鳖品系:乌鳖品系、日本品系、长江(安徽段)品系和黄河品系为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析4种多元分析方法比较形态差异;采用表型相关分析、通径分析和逐步分析法研究体质量与形态之间的相关性。多元分析结果表明乌鳖和长江品系亲缘关系较近,日本和黄河品系亲缘关系较近,背部和腹部的形态差异是区分4个品系中华鳖的主要依据。建立了4个品系的典型判别函数,其交互验证判别准确率为67.5%。通径分析结果表明背甲长和体高是影响乌鳖品系体质量的主要形态参数,其多元回归方程为Y_(乌鳖)=-824.466+23.628体高+2.305背甲长。背甲宽和头宽是影响日本品系体质量的主要形态参数,其多元回归方程Y_(日本)=-1501.849+10.911背甲宽+32.503头宽。腹甲长,头宽和背甲宽是影响长江品系体质量的主要形态参数,其多元回归方程为Y_(长江)=8.175腹甲长-13.882头宽+4.101背甲宽-544.065。背甲长,腹甲宽和腹甲长是影响黄河品系体质量的主要形态参数,其多元回归方程为Y_(黄河)=-1399.419+8.681背甲长+4.604腹甲宽+4.361腹甲长。不同品系中华鳖具有不同的形态特征,影响体质量的主要形态性状亦不相同,有目的的选育,可有效提高选育效率。To investigate the germplasm resource in Anhui province,morphological differences of Wubie,Japanese,Yangtze(Anhui section)and Huanghe strains were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,clustering analysis,principal component analysis and discriminant analysis,while the correlation between weight and shape was analyzed by pearson correlation analysis,path analysis and stepwise regression analysis.The results of multivariate analysis showed that the strains of Wubie and Yangtze were clustered into a single clade,and the strains of Japanese and Huanghe were clustered into a single clade.The coefficients of canonical discriminant functions for the four strains were established,and the results showed that the comprehensive discriminant accuracy was 67.5%.The results of path analysis showed that body height(BH)and carapace length(CL)were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of the Wubie strain,and the multiple regression equation was established as Y_(Wubie)=-824.466+23.628BH+2.305CL.Carapace width(CW)and head width(HW)were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of the Japanese strain,and the multiple regression equation was established as Y_(Japan)=-1501.849+10.911CW+32.503HW.Carapace width(CW),head width(HW)and carapace length(CL)were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of Yangtze strain,and the multiple regression equation was established as Y_(Yangtze)=-544.065+8.175PL-13.882HW+4.101CW.Carapace length(CL),plastron width(PW)and plastron length(PL)were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of Huanghe strain,and the multiple regression equation was established as Y_(Huanghe)=-1399.419+8.681CL+4.604PW+4.361PL.Different strains showed different morphological characteristics,and the main morphological characters affecting body weight are also different.Purposeful breeding could improve the breeding efficiency effectively.

关 键 词：地方品系 中华鳖 形态差异 通径分析 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]