文山喀斯特烟区红壤上施硼对烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Boron Application on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality of Karst Tobacco-growing Soil in Wenshan

作　　者：李鹏飞[1] 张晓伟 余小芬[3] 徐天养[1] 邱学礼[3] 殷红慧[1] 邹炳礼[3] 杨树明[3] LI Pengfei;ZHANG Xiaowei;YU Xiaofen;XU Tianyang;QIU Xueli;YIN Honghui;ZOU Bingli;YANG Shuming(Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099;Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山663099 [2]云南省烟草质量监督检测站,昆明650106 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第21期33-38,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“钙、镁、硼、氯施肥技术与烟叶品质调控研究”(2020530000242021)。

摘　　要：针对文山喀斯特烟区红壤硼重度缺乏的特点,探讨提高烤烟产质量的施硼有效途径。以烤烟品种‘云烟100’为材料,研究基施和叶面喷施硼肥方式及用量对植烟土壤养分、烟株营养生长、光合性能及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:与T_(1)(CK)相比,烟株根区基施或喷施硼肥对土壤pH、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾和水溶性氯含量无显著影响,但能显著增加土壤有效硼含量;而且可促进烟株营养生长,增加烟叶上等烟比例、产量和产值,其中T_(5)、T_(6)和T_(8)产值较CK增加24.57%、21.59%和28.15%。与CK相比,所有施硼肥处理的烟株叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)分别显著提高10.22%~90.11%、18.17%~90.91%和6.56%~51.97%,T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(8)效果最好;而T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(8)的蒸腾速率(Tr)均较CK显著降低2.78%~26.85%。与CK相比,增施硼肥明显改善中部初烤烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾、水溶性氯、钙、镁和硼含量,以T_(5)、T_(6)、T_(8)烟叶化学成分协调性最好。在文山喀斯特烟区缺硼植烟土壤上,烤烟移栽基施硼砂15~22.5 kg/hm^(2),配合烟株团棵期、旺长期、成熟期分别叶面喷施0.1%、0.2%、0.3%硼砂,此组合可显著提高土壤有效硼及烟叶硼含量,促进烟株生长发育,提高烟叶光合速率及产量、产值,改善烟叶化学成分协调性。According to severe boron-deficiency characteristics of tobacco-growing soil in karst Wenshan,we proposed a resolution of boron application to improve yield and quality of tobacco.A field experiment was conducted with flue-cured tobacco variety‘Yunyan 100’as material,and borax was the source of boron fertilizer.The effects of basal application and foliar spraying borax fertilizer on soil,vegetative growth,photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied.The results showed that compared with CK treatment,basal application or spraying of boron fertilizer had no significant effect on soil pH,organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and water-soluble chlorine contents,but could significantly increase soil available boron content.Moreover,it could promote the vegetative growth,superior proportion,yield and output value of tobacco,among which the output value in T_(5),T_(6)and T_(8)treatments increased by 24.57%,21.59%and 28.15%compared with T_(1)(CK),respectively.Similarly,compared with CK treatment,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)of tobacco leaves were significantly increased by 10.22%-90.11%,18.17%-90.91%and 6.56%-51.97%,respectively,particularly in T_(5),T_(6)and T_(8)treatments.Meanwhile,the transpiration rates(Tr)of T_(2),T_(3),T_(5),T_(6)and T_(8)were significantly reduced by 2.78%-26.85%.Compared with CK,boron application treatments significantly improved the content of total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,nicotine,potassium oxide,water-soluble chlorine,calcium,magnesium and boron,and T_(5),T_(6)and T_(8)tobacco leaves had the best chemical composition coordination.On the boron-deficient tobacco-growing soil in the karst area of Wenshan,the integration of basal application and spraying borax fertilizer could significantly increase the content of available boron in soil and tobacco leaf,and effectively promote growth,photosynthetic rate,yield,economic benefits,and coordinati

关 键 词：烤烟 硼 基施 喷施 光合特性 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]