青藏高原西部耕地土壤质量现状评价  

Evaluation on Cultivated Land Soil Quality in Western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：徐涛 石卫刚 刘扩龙 徐晓飞 范佳雪 XU Tao;SHI Weigang;LIU Kuolong;XU Xiaofei;FAN Jiaxue(Regional Geological Survey Academe of Shaanxi Geology and Mining Group Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712000)

机构地区：[1]陕西地矿区研院有限公司,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第21期75-82,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：阿里地区财政应用技术研究与开发资源普查类科技支撑专项“阿里地区耕地土壤环境质量调查与划定”(ALKJ-BJCZ-2021-02)。

摘　　要：为科学评价青藏高原西部耕地土壤环境,因地制宜提高耕地质量,以阿里地区西部四县(普兰县、札达县、噶尔县、日土县)为研究区域,分析耕地土壤肥力(有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、缓效钾等)及重金属(As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cd)污染情况。采用标准对比法、单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法,对耕地土壤环境质量进行评价。结果显示:研究区耕地土壤综合肥力指数1.74,属三级水平,肥力一般,土壤缺乏有机质和全氮,磷和钾含量丰富,中、微量元素含量相对丰富但缺乏有效锌和有效钼。区域耕地土壤综合污染评价指数0.71,达警戒线,污染主要集中在普兰县和噶尔县域内。与重金属风险管控值对比,As超标率高达27.5%,Cr超标率达2.5%;与青藏高原背景值对比Cd超标高达95%。综合分析,日土县域内耕地土壤肥沃且无污染,可作为重点耕地种植发展区,在耕种过程中重点注意补充有机质和氮素以保证作物生长;需要关注普兰县域内As污染情况,以保证食品安全。To scientifically evaluate the soil environment of cultivated land in western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and improve the quality of cultivated land according to local conditions,the soil fertility(organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,slow-release potassium etc.)and heavy metal pollution(As,Hg,Cr,Pb,Cd)of cultivated land were analyzed in four counties of western Ngari(Burang,Zanda,Gar,Rutog).Standard comparison method,single factor index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method were used to evaluate the soil environmental quality of the cultivated land.The results showed that the Nemero comprehensive fertility index of the cultivated land in the study area was 1.74,which belonged to grade 3,and soil fertility was average.The soil was deficient in organic matter and total nitrogen,rich in phosphorus and potassium,relatively rich in medium and trace elements except available zinc and available molybdenum.And the Nemero comprehensive pollution index was 0.71,which reached the warning line.The pollution was mainly concentrated in Burang and Gar.As and Cr exceed the heavy metal risk control value by 27.5%and 2.5%,respectively.In addition,Cd was 95%higher than the background value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In conclusion,the cultivated land of Rutog is fertile and pollution-free,which can be developed as the key cultivated land planting area.But organic matter and nitrogen should be properly supplemented during cultivation to ensure crop growth.Furthermore,it is necessary to pay attention to As pollution in Burang to ensure food safety.

关 键 词：青藏高原 耕地 土壤肥力 土壤重金属 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]