Rabies in a postpandemic world:resilient reservoirs,redoubtable riposte,recurrent roadblocks,and resolute recidivism  

作　　者：Charles E.Rupprecht Philip P.Mshelbwala R.Guy Reeves Ivan V.Kuzmin 

机构地区：[1]College of Forestry,Wildlife&Environment,College of Veterinary Medicine,Auburn University,Auburn,AL 36849,USA [2]School of Veterinary Science,University of Queensland,Gatton,Australia [3]Department of Veterinary Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Abuja,Abuja,Nigeria [4]Max Planck Institut Fur Evolutionsbiologie,24306 Plon,Germany [5]Department of Pathology,University of Texas Medical Branch,Galveston,TX 77555,USA

出　　处：《Animal Diseases》2023年第2期63-89,共27页动物疾病（英文）

摘　　要：Rabies is an ancient disease.Two centuries since Pasteur,fundamental progress occurred in virology,vaccinology,and diagnostics—and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health—before common terminological coinage.Prevention,control,selective elimination,and even the unthinkable—occasional treatment—of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century.However,in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest,eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies,particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic.Reasons are minion.Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores,but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts.While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus,other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease.Some reservoirs remain cryptic.Although global,this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored.As with other neglected diseases,laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal,especially in lower-and middleincome countries.Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models.Competing priorities,lack of defined,long-term international donors,and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts.For prevention,all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual,whether parenteral or oral–essentially‘one and done’.Exploiting mammalian social behaviors,future‘spreadable vaccines’might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort.However,the release of replication-competent,genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological,ethical,and regulatory issues in need of broader,transdisciplinary discourse.How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention,control,or elimination in the near term remains debatable.In the interim,more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve

关 键 词：Diagnosis Epidemiology LYSSAVIRUS Neglected Tropical Diseases Pathogenesis PROPHYLAXIS RABIES Surveillance VACCINATION ZOONOSIS 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]