储罐泄漏高度和方向对气体扩散的影响  

Impact of storage tank leakage height and orientation on gas diffusion

作　　者：沈泽亚 郎建垒[1] 毛书帅 蔡斌[1] 郑海胜 SHEN Zeya;LANG Jianlei;MAO Shushuai;CAI Bin;ZHENG Haisheng(Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第6期2033-2042,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0209900)。

摘　　要：为研究储罐泄漏事故排放源高度和泄漏方向对气体扩散的影响,选取某一典型化工园区开展了示踪气体(SF6)外场泄漏事故模拟试验,获得了真实可靠的气象(风向和风速)和质量浓度观测数据。利用验证后的Fluent模型模拟了14种泄漏情景(7种泄漏高度、2种泄漏方向),对比了不同情景下气体质量浓度的分布特征,拟合分析了最大落地质量浓度随泄漏高度的变化规律。结果表明,逆风向泄漏的下游最大落地质量浓度远大于(2~3个数量级)顺风向泄漏,且横向扩散范围更大。逆风向泄漏时,对数质量浓度(最大落地质量浓度经过对数处理后的值)随泄漏高度增加整体呈现非线性下降趋势;顺风向泄漏时,当泄漏高度小于储罐半高时呈线性下降、大于半高时整体呈非线性下降趋势。研究结果有助于了解化工园区泄漏事故污染物扩散规律,为事故处置提供参考依据。In this paper,the impacts of storage tank leakage heights and orientation on gas diffusion were investigated.Firstly,a tracer-gas(SF6)field experiment was conducted in a typical chemical industrial park.Online and offline methods were employed to set up three real-time meteorological sensors and 25 gas concentration monitoring sites.Then,the authentic measurements of meteorology and pollutants concentration were collected,respectively.A full-scale three-dimensional model of the chemical industrial park was established by the SpaceClaim code.The hybrid polyhedral-hexahedral grids were generated by the Meshing module of the Fluent 20R2 version.The simulation results(concentration and wind condition)of turbulence models were compared and analyzed based on the experimental data.The results show that the Realizable kεmodel has a good agreement with measurements.On that basis,13 different leakage cases were simulated and analyzed by changing leakage height and orientation.The gas distribution characteristics of different cases were analyzed and the relationship between emission heights and maximum ground mass concentration was fitted.It is found that the downstream mass concentration of upwind leakage is much larger(23 orders of magnitude)than that of downwind leakage,and the lateral diffusion range is much larger.For the case of upwind leakage,logarithmic mass concentration(the value of maximum ground mass concentration after logarithmic treatment)generally presents a nonlinear downward trend with the leakage height increasing.When the leakage height is close to the tank top,the maximum ground mass concentration is located on the leeward side of the downwind tank,and the leakage at other heights is located below the leakage source.For the case of downwind leakage,it presents a linear downward trend,and the maximum ground mass concentration is located below the leakage source when it is less than half the height of the tank;It is generally a nonlinear downward trend and the maximum ground mass concentration is located

关 键 词：安全工程 储罐泄漏 气体扩散 野外试验 小尺度 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]