植物叶缘锯齿调控的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Regulation of Leaf Margin Serration Development in Plants

作　　者：郑健 潘继红 余卫霖 宋云连 毕珏 凌铭蔚 王跃全[1] 高贤玉[1] 张惠云[1,2] 罗心平 ZHENG Jian;PAN Ji-hong;YU Wei-lin;SONG Yun-lian;BI Jue;LING Ming-wei;WANG Yue-quan;GAO Xian-yu;ZHANG Hui-yun;LUO Xin-ping(Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Baoshan 678000;Yuanyang Qiangcun Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yuanyang 662400,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,保山678000 [2]元阳强村农业科技有限公司,云南元阳662400

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第4期927-936,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202204BI090021);云南省科技人才和平台计划(202104AC100001-B04,202005AD160028);国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系(CARS-32)。

摘　　要：叶片是植物重要的营养器官,叶缘锯齿(裂刻)在生产实践中有多种优势,叶缘锯齿调控研究对作物育种、生产实践具有指导意义。本文梳理了叶缘锯齿形成的调控机制,植物激素、基因表达、miRNA等协同作用调控叶缘锯齿形成。生长素(Auxin)在叶缘的不平衡积累能促进锯齿产生,细胞分裂素(CK,cytokinins)依赖Auxin在叶缘的积累促进叶形复杂度,而赤霉素(GA,gibberellin)负调控叶形复杂度。归纳了植物激素与基因参与叶缘锯齿形成的3条主要作用通路:TCP-CUC-PIN1-Auxin、KNOX-GA/CK、LMI1-CK。miR164、miR319、polycomb group表观遗传修饰和α-1,2糖基转移酶等也参与叶缘锯齿形成。研究表明环境因子温度和光强通过KNOX-GA通路调控叶片发育,高温和低光强均能降低叶形复杂度。不同植物控制叶缘锯齿性状的遗传机制存在较大差异。叶缘锯齿相关基因发掘以经济作物研究较多,未来果树育种应着手推进赏食兼用研究。Leaves are important vegetative organs in plants,and the leaf margin serration(lobe)has many advantages in production practice.Disclosing the regulation of leaf margin serration has important guiding significance for plant breeding.This article reviews the regulation mechanism of leaf margin serration formation.Several factors such as plant hormones,gene expression,and miRNAs,are involved with roles in shaping leaf margins.Auxin unbalanced accumulation at the leaf margin can promote serration.Auxin-dependent cytokinins(CK)accumulation at leaf margin might result in the leaf shape complexity,while gibberellin(GA)negatively regulates leaf shape complexity.This review further summarizes three main pathways of plant hormones and genes involved in leaf margin serration formation:TCP-CUC-PIN1-Auxin,KNOX-GA/CK,LMI1-CK.The miR164,miR319,polycomb group(PcG)epigenetic modification and alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase are known to be involved in leaf margin serration formation.The ambient temperature and light intensity regulate the leaf margin development through the KNOX-GA pathway.For instance,high temperature and low light intensity might decrease the complexity of leaf shape.The different genetic mechanisms on the regulation of leaf margin serration in plants are revealed.The genes that modulate or associate with the leaf margin serration are often reported in cash crops.In addition to fruit quality and resistance,ornamental character is one task with significant interest in future breeding of fruit trees.

关 键 词：叶片发育 叶缘锯齿 植物激素 调控机制 遗传机制 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]