水稻种质资源全基因组DNA指纹鉴定方法研究  

Identification and Evaluation Method for Genome-wide DNA Fingerprinting of Rice Germplasm

作　　者：马小定[1] 崔迪[1] 韩冰[1] 焦成智 韩龙植[1] MA Xiao-ding;CUI Di;HAN Bing;JIAO Cheng-zhi;HAN Long-zhi(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement,Beijing 100081;Smartgenomics Technology Institute,Tianjin 301700)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081 [2]天津极智基因科技有限公司,天津301700

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第4期1106-1113,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200500);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;国家农作物种质资源保护项目(2018NWB036-01,2018NWB036-12-2);国家农作物种质资源平台项目(NICGR2018-001)。

摘　　要：开展水稻种质资源DNA指纹鉴定可以赋予每份种质统一的身份信息,对于查清我国资源家底、评估资源遗传基础、提高资源利用效率和保护种业知识产权等具有重要意义。本研究利用已完成全基因组DNA重测序的5374份水稻种质资源为材料,通过参考样本资源的选择、高质量SNP位点分析以及最优SNP数量和SNP组合的挑选,建立了2套水稻种质资源全基因组DNA指纹标准。通过主成分分析和系统进化树分析,指纹标准1和2选择的SNP可以代表94,197个高质量群体共有SNP进行群体遗传多样性检测;群体遗传相似度分析验证了指纹标准1和2对于开展水稻种质资源遗传相似性鉴定的有效性。本研究有望为水稻种质资源保护与利用以及种业知识产权保护等提供技术支撑,并为其他作物制定全基因组DNA指纹鉴定标准提供参考。DNA fingerprinting analysis that enables assigning uniform identity information for each rice germplasm is of great significance for identifying the genetic basis of rice germplasm resources,improving their utilization efficiency and protecting the intellectual property rights of the seed industry in China.In this study,using 5374 rice accessions that have been genotyped by the whole-genome resequencing,two sets of genomewide DNA fingerprinting standards were established through the selection of reference sample resources,analysis of high-quality SNP loci,and selection of the optimal number of SNPs and SNP combinations.Through principal component analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis,SNPs in the collection of fingerprinting standards 1 and 2 could represent 94,197 high-quality population common SNPs applicable for the population genetic diversity.In addition,population genetic similarity analysis verified the effectiveness of fingerprinting standards 1 and 2 to uncover the genetic similarity identification of rice germplasm resources.This study is expected to provide technical support for the conservation and utilization of rice germplasm resources and the protection of intellectual property rights in the seed industry,and to provide reference for the development of DNA fingerprinting standards for other crops.

关 键 词：SNP标记 指纹图谱 遗传相似度 实质性派生品种 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]