水稻开颖突变体的遗传分析和基因克隆  

Genetic Analysis and Gene Cloning of an Open-hull Mutant in Rice

作　　者：毛兴学[1] 郑晓钰 潘大建[1] 孙炳蕊[1] 江立群 张静 吕树伟 于航 李晨[1] 陈文丰[1] MAO Xing-xue;ZHENG Xiao-yu;PAN Da-jian;SUN Bing-rui;JIANG Li-qun;ZHANG Jing;LYU Shu-wei;YU Hang;LI Chen;CHEN Wen-feng(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第4期1114-1121,共8页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515011208);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202090003,2022B0202110003);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202101TD);广东省学科类重点实验室运行项目(2020B1212060047);2022年省级乡村振兴战略专项资金(2022-NBH-00-012)。

摘　　要：花器是种子生成的基础,水稻花器发育直接影响稻谷产量与品质。源美丝苗与P704杂交后代中发现一株开颖突变体(oh,open-hull),其穗部发育有缺陷,主要表现为:开颖,结实率显著下降,种子变小。遗传分析发现开颖表型由一对隐性细胞核基因控制。通过BSA分析,开颖基因被定位于水稻第3染色体上,检索发现候选区间与Os MADS1(LOC_Os03g11614)基因重合,与蜀恢498参考基因序列进行比对,oh中OsMADS1的第一外显子第118位发生碱基颠换,导致编码的天冬氨酸变成酪氨酸,将该等位基因命名为OsMADS1^(oh)。从oh中克隆OsMADS1^(oh)并构建过表达载体,通过农杆菌介导转入易转化材料(中花11)中,转基因后代出现开颖表型,证实OsMADS1^(oh)导致开颖。另外,RNA定量分析结果表明,MADS8和YABB5的表达受OsMADS1调控。本研究从育种材料中筛选到开颖突变体,并从中鉴定了新的Os MADS1等位基因,为阐明花器形成的分子机理研究提供了特异种质和基因资源。Floral organ is the basis of seed growth,and the development of rice floral organ directly affects the yield and quality.An open-hull mutant(oh)was found in the progenies of rive cultivar Yuanmeisimiao crossed with P704.The oh mutant displayed abnormal floral organ with unclosed lemma and palea,decreased seed setting rate and smaller seeds.Genetic analysis showed that the open-hull phenotype was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes.Using bulked-segregant analysis(BSA)method,the open-hull gene was allocated in the interval 22806614~23000408 on rice chromosome 3,where the OsMADS1 gene(LOC_Os03g11614)is present.Through alignment with the homologous gene in the Shuhui498 reference genome,the nucleotide transversion(aspartic acid to tyrosine)at the 118^(th) nucleotide of the first exon of OsMADS1 in oh was identified(designated OsMADS1^(oh)).OsMADS1^(oh) was cloned from oh and used to construct overexpression vector.The overexpression vector was introduced into the transformable material(ZH11)by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.The lines over-expressing OsMADS1^(oh) showed the open-hull phenotype.In addition,the RNA expression results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression of MADS8 and YABB5 were regulated by OsMADS1.Collectively,this study approved the OsMADS1^(oh),as a new allelic variant of OsMADS1,and provided specific resources for elucidating the molecular mechanism of floral organ formation.

关 键 词：水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 开颖突变体 基因克隆 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]