电弧功率对高功率激光-电弧复合焊接熔滴过渡与飞溅的影响  

Influence of Arc Power on Droplet Transfer and Spatter in High Power Laser⁃Arc Hybrid Welding

作　　者：郑亚风 刘双仁 张群莉 王梁[1,2,3] 张华夏 吴让大 姚建华 Zheng Yafeng;Liu Shuangren;Zhang Qunli;Wang Liang;Zhang Huaxia;Wu Rangda;Yao Jianhua(Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Laser Manufacturing Equipment Co-Sponsored by Ministry and Province,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China;Penta Laser(Zhejiang)Co.,Ltd.,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学激光先进制造研究院,浙江杭州310023 [2]高端激光制造装备省部共建协同创新中心,浙江杭州310023 [3]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310023 [4]奔腾激光(浙江)股份有限公司,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第12期60-71,共12页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划项目(2022C03021);国家自然科学基金重点项目(52035014)。

摘　　要：对10 mm厚Q345钢进行高功率激光-MAG复合焊接试验,研究电弧功率对焊接过程熔滴过渡行为与飞溅的影响。结果表明:电弧功率会显著影响焊缝形貌与熔滴过渡行为,电弧功率过高或过低均会导致焊缝表面塌陷;当电弧功率为6860 W时,可获得平整光滑的焊缝形貌,且无咬边塌陷等缺陷;随着电弧功率增大,溶滴过渡模式逐渐由含短路过渡的混合过渡模式向单一射流过渡模式转变,前者主要包括大滴过渡、射滴过渡、射流过渡分别与短路过渡组成的混合过渡模式;混合过渡模式下的短路过渡是产生飞溅的主要原因,在单一射流过渡模式下匙孔处的羽辉气流会促进飞溅的产生。Objective With the development of high-power fiber lasers,laser energy has increased from 100 W a few years ago to 10000 W or even 100000 W.Bottlenecks such as high cost,low efficiency,and limited penetration that previously restricted the development of laser-arc hybrid welding are expected to be overcome.Compared with traditional welding,laser-arc hybrid welding has the advantages of high efficiency,good weld quality,high degree of digitization,and environmental friendliness.However,the welding mechanism associated with thick plates is relatively complex,and welds are prone to defects such as splashes,pits,and pores,which degrade the welding quality significantly.Therefore,research on the suppression of defects during the welding process is particularly important.In this study,laser-arc hybrid welding experiments under different arc powers were conducted to clarify the mechanism(s)causing welding spatter,and the effect of arc power on the droplet transfer behavior and welding spatter was studied using high-speed camera technology.Methods Laser-arc hybrid welding was performed on a 10 mm Q345 steel plate using a welding system consisting of a 12 kW fiber laser and SKS welding systems equipment.A high-speed camera was used to observe the welding process.The laser wavelength was(1080±10)nm with a nominal focusing spot of 0.2 mm.The angle between the laser beam and the electrode axis was 45°,and the arc torch was applied in a tilted leading position.The laser power and defocus distance were 7.5 kW and 0 mm,respectively.The shielding gas was 90%Ar+10%CO2,which was injected at a flow rate of 20 L/min.The droplet transfer mode and number of droplet transfers within 500 ms under each parameter were counted to calculate the corresponding droplet transition frequency within 1 s.The images were binarized and filtered to obtain statistics regarding the diameter and number of splashes within 100 ms for each experimental condition.The metallographic samples were prepared by cutting,grinding,polishing,and etching the Q345 p

关 键 词：激光技术 激光-电弧复合焊接 熔滴过渡 电弧功率 飞溅 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]