面向金属增材制造的拓扑优化设计研究进展  

Research Progress on Topology Optimization Design for Metal Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：刘博宇 王向明[2] 杨光 邢本东 Liu Boyu;Wang Xiangming;Yang Guang;Xing Bendong(School of Mechanic Engineering,Shenyang Aerospace University,Shenyang 110136,Liaoning,China;Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute,Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Shenyang 110035,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳航空航天大学机电工程学院,辽宁沈阳110136 [2]中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所,辽宁沈阳110035

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第12期188-203,共16页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4600901);辽宁省教育厅系列项目(LJKZ0198)。

摘　　要：结构拓扑优化设计以寻求材料最优分布形式与最佳承力路径为目的,在符合结构材料力学特性的前提下,实现结构的轻量化设计。然而拓扑结构往往比较复杂,传统制造技术难以实现精准、快速制造。金属增材制造技术可实现复杂零件的快速制造,极大地拓宽了设计空间。综述了面向金属增材制造技术的结构拓扑优化设计研究进展,从优化拓扑算法的角度,归纳了基于单元网格与边界演化的拓扑优化方法在改善结构连续性与可制造性方面的有效措施;从金属增材制造约束的角度,总结了考虑几何约束、成形约束、材料性能约束的拓扑优化方法,并结合金属增材制造与拓扑优化技术的发展趋势进行了展望。Significance Owing to the continuous developments in the Chinese aerospace industry,aviation structural parts need to ensure lightweight,high efficiency,long flight time,and high maneuverability characteristics.Therefore,it is a significant challenge in structural optimization design to further reduce the structural quality coefficient.Traditional lightweight designs are mostly based on the replacement of classical structures with equivalent parts,such as lean improvement and excavation of structural potential using the new processes and new materials,and have now approached the“ceiling”.Topology optimization technology,as an important branch of structural optimization design,determines the optimal material distribution and best load-bearing path by defining material properties,load conditions,and constraints.It is an effective design method for obtaining lightweight structure design and high-performance innovative configurations,and has been widely used in aerospace,automobile manufacturing,and other fields.However,topology configurations are usually complex.Limited by traditional manufacturing processes,designers often need to simplify the optimal topology configurations,which fails to fully reflect the structural advantages of topology optimization design.Additive manufacturing technology uses high-energy laser beams and adopts the superposition mode of“bottom to up”layer-by-layer material melting,which can realize rapid prototyping and solid-free manufacturing of complex topology configurations without molds.This method addresses the problem of“manufacturing determines design”in structure optimization,which greatly broadens the design space.However,additive metal manufacturing technology is not completely a“free manufacturing”technology,and it is limited by unique manufacturing constraints.Therefore,considering additive manufacturing constraints in topology optimization design,researching and developing topology optimization design for additive metal manufacturing has a broad application prosp

关 键 词：激光技术 拓扑优化 金属增材制造 拓扑算法 增材制造约束 

分 类 号：TH164[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]