饲料蛋白水平对鳜生长、消化和代谢的影响  

Effects of dietary protein levels on growth,digestion and metabolism of Siniperca chuatsi

作　　者：郭薇 尹恒 莫爱杰 翟昱翔 矣林园 杨慧君[1] 袁勇超[1] GUO Wei;YIN Heng;MO Aijie;ZHAI Yuxiang;YI Linyuan;YANG Huijun;YUAN Yongchao(Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Provincial Agricultural Development Center,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院/农业动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室/农业农村部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业事业发展中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2023年第4期215-224,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA056)。

摘　　要：为确定不同规格的鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)对饲料蛋白水平的需求,以G1、G2、G3规格的初始体质量分别为(11.58±1.34)、(94.77±2.59)和(245.26±3.59)g的鳜为研究对象,研究不同蛋白水平饲料对其生长性能、饲料利用率、形态指标、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力和氨氮排泄的影响。结果显示,G1和G2组鳜特定生长率、终末体质量和增重率均在蛋白水平为500 g/kg时最高,但G3组鳜在饲料蛋白水平为450 g/kg时达到最大值;饲料系数则呈现出相反的变化趋势。特定生长率折线回归模型结果显示,3种规格鳜的最适蛋白需求分别为497.1、451.9和446 g/kg。G1和G2组鳜摄食低蛋白水平(350 g/kg和400 g/kg)饲料时存活率均显著低于其他各组,但饲料蛋白水平对G3组鳜的存活率无显著影响。G1和G2组鳜肥满度、肝体比和脏体比与饲料蛋白含量呈负相关(P<0.05)。随饲料中蛋白含量升高,G1和G3组鳜对饲料干物质的表观消化率均先上升后趋于稳定,而G2组鳜呈先升后降的趋势。在一定的蛋白水平范围内,3种规格的鳜粗蛋白表观消化率与饲料中蛋白含量呈正相关(P<0.05),在蛋白水平为500 g/kg时达到峰值,随后保持不变;前肠胰蛋白酶活性有着相似的变化趋势。3种规格的鳜肝脏中的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力随饲料蛋白含量的增加而明显增高(P<0.05)。其氨氮排泄率均在摄食后6 h达到高峰,并随着饲料蛋白水平的提高均显著增加;饲料蛋白水平为550 g/kg和600 g/kg时,G3组鳜的氨氮排泄率显著高于G1组。以上结果表明,饲料蛋白含量对3种规格鳜的生长性能及消化、代谢指标均有明显的影响,确定最适蛋白需求量才能达到最理想的鳜健康养殖效果。To determine the dietary protein requirement of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)with different sizes,mandarin fish with initial body weight of(11.58±1.34)g(G1),(94.77±2.59)g(G2)and(245.26±3.59)g(G3)were selected to investigate the effects of different dietary protein levels on growth performance,feed utilization rate,morphological indexes,digestive enzyme activity,antioxidant capacity and ammonia nitrogen excretion.The results showed that when the protein content was 500 g/kg,the specific growth rate(SGR),final body weight(FBW)and weight gain rate(WGR)of mandarin fish in G1 and G2 groups were the highest,while when the protein content was 450 g/kg,those in group G3 were the highest.The feed coefficient showed an opposite trend.Based on the analysis of SGR’s broken-line regression model,the optimal protein requirements of three different sizes of mandarin fish were 497.1 g/kg,451.9 g/kg and 446 g/kg,respectively.The survival rate of mandarin fish with small and middle sizes fed with low protein level(350 g/kg and 400 g/kg)diet was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),but dietary protein level had no significant effect on survival rate of mandarin fish in G3 group(P>0.05).Condition factor,hepotasomatic index and viscerasomatic index of mandarin fish in G1 and G2 groups decreased significantly with the increase of dietary protein level(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary protein level,the dry matter apparent digestibility coefficient(ADC)of mandarin fish was first increased and then stabilized in G1 and G3 groups,while that in G2 group was first increased and then decreased.With the increase of dietary protein level,the crude protein ADC of mandarin fish with three different sizes increased significantly(P<0.05)and decreased slightly after reaching the highest value at 500 g/kg protein level.A similar trend was observed in trypsin activity of the foregut.The activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in liver of mandarin fish at three different growth stag

关 键 词：鳜 饲料蛋白水平 生长性能 表观消化率 氨氮排泄 精准养殖 

分 类 号：S965.199[农业科学—水产养殖]