麻痹性贝类毒素研究进展  

Evolutional Researches about Detection of Paralytic Shellfi sh Toxins

作　　者：张曌 栾玉静 韩昱哲 王芳琳 ZHANG Zhao;LUAN Yujing;HAN Yuzhe;WANG Fanglin(School of Forensic Medicine,Shanxi Medical University,Jinzhong 030600,Shanxi,China;Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学法医学院,山西晋中030600 [2]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第4期418-425,共8页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1602705);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020JB007)。

摘　　要：麻痹性贝类中毒在全球贝类中毒中最常见,分布最广、危害最大、死亡率最高,对人民生命健康造成极大威胁。麻痹性贝类毒素毒性很大,人口服不到1 mg便可致死,对神经和肌肉具有麻痹作用,影响生物神经系统和心血管系统。麻痹性贝类毒素衍生物众多且结构相似,可以相互转化,检测难度大。本文综述了麻痹性贝类毒素的性质、作用机制、中毒症状和代谢途径,并对固相萃取法、分散固相萃取法、免疫亲和层析法等前处理方法以及小鼠生物法、免疫分析法、液相色谱–荧光检测法、液相色谱–质谱联用法等相关检测方法进行了总结,以期为麻痹性贝类毒素的研究,有关检测方法的开发与完善,法庭科学毒物检验以及相关标准的制定提供参考。Paralytic shellfish poisoning is globally among the most commonly-seen poisoning incidents resulted from shellfi sh,posing huge threat to people’s life and health with its widest distribution,greatest harm and highest mortality(its oral-lethal dose less than 1mg for human).Paralytic shellfish poisoning is caused from the highly-toxic paralytic toxins of shellfish.The paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs)are able to paralyze nerves and muscles and affect both the nerval and cardiovascular systems.PSTs have many kinds and structure-similar derivatives that can transform into one another,hence conducing diffi culties to detect them.A review was here carried out into the PSTs about their properties,mechanism of action,toxic symptoms and metabolic pathways,having summarized the relating pretreatment methods of solid-phase extraction,dispersive solid-phase extraction and immunoaffi nity chromatography,and successively discussed the applicable detection choices including the biologically-infected mouse approach,immunoassay,liquid-chromatography fl uorescent detection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Therefore,valuable references should be capable of providing with this review for the concerned people to research PSTs,develop and improve relevant detection performance,examine correlative forensicsignifi cant toxins and stipulate involving norms and standards.

关 键 词：法医毒物分析 麻痹性贝类毒素 前处理 检测技术 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]