不同注意力焦点任务下射箭运动员的姿态控制特征  

Posture Control Characteristics of Archers under Different Attention Focus Tasks

作　　者：王世坤 吴玉明 杨晨 WANG Shikun;WU Yuming;YANG Chen(School of Sports Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273100,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学体育科学学院,山东曲阜273100

出　　处：《体育科研》2023年第4期74-83,95,共11页Sport Science Research

基　　金：山东省社会科学基金项目(21CTYJ08)。

摘　　要：目的:对不同注意力焦点下射箭运动员执行技术动作时的姿态控制特征进行研究。方法:基于传统线性测量及非线性动力学两个视角对运动员执行技术动作时的运动学与动力学数据进行分析。结果:(1)外部注意力焦点减少了运动员右脚左右及前后方向上的压力中心(COP)最大位移以及双脚的COP包络面积;(2)外部注意力焦点增加了运动员双腿踝关节、左腿膝关节累计运动幅度,以及双腿前后方向、左腿左右方向上的COP样本熵;(3)注意力焦点与运动技术水平在左右方向的COP最大位移指标上存在交互作用;(4)不同技术水平运动员的姿态控制能力差距明显。结论:(1)外部注意力焦点通过增强下肢关节协调来增强对干扰的应对能力从而改善姿态控制;(2)外部注意力焦点的促进作用随着技术水平的提升逐渐下降;(3)运动技术水平越高,姿态控制能力越强。Purpose:Investigating how archers maintain their balance in different focus task of attention.Methods:The kinematics and dynamics data of athletes performing technical movements was examined using traditional linear measurement and nonlinear dynamics.Results:(1)The maximum displacement of COP and the envelope area of COP of the left and right foot decreased as a result of the external attention's focus;(2)The COP sample entropy in the anterior and posterior of bilateral legs as well as the medial and lateral of the left leg increased in response to the external focus of attention.These effects were also observed for the cumulative angle of bilateral ankle joints and the left knee joint;(3)There was an interaction between the focus of attention and skill level in COP max displacement in the medial and lateral directions;(4)The ability of athletes at different skill levels to control their posture is plainly varied.Conclusions:(1)External focus of attention improves posture control by enhancing lower limb joint coordination to strengthen the capacity to deal with interference;(2)The promoting effect of external focus gradually diminishes with the improvement of technical level;(3)The greater the level of skill acquisition,the greater the capacity to control posture.

关 键 词：射箭 射箭生物力学 姿态控制能力 COP 样本熵 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]