国家监护人的理论构造与制度因应  

The Theoretical Construction and Institutional Response of the State Guardian

作　　者：王正鑫 WANG Zhengxin(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期107-115,共9页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

摘　　要：监护制度虽主要被规定于民事法律规范中,但其并不具有先天的私法属性,民政部门也非以民事主体身份履行国家监护职责。国家监护人仍是以公法身份、为履行公法职责而涉足监护领域,并与被监护人、第三人之间形成具有公法意涵的法律关系。为解决国家监护人因法律制度缺失而长期实效不彰的制度困境,需要立足于国家监护人的公法法律地位,并考量其与被监护人、第三人之间的法律关系形态,构建具有实操性的国家监护人法律制度。在制度框架方面,需要涵盖以行政委托理论为基础的责任履行机制,以及沿循行政公益诉讼进路的履责监督机制。Although the guardianship system is mainly stipulated in civil law and regulations,it does not mean it is of natural private law attribute or the civil administration department performs state guardianship duties as civil subject.The state guardian falls into guardianship field to fulfill public law duties in an official capacity.Meanwhile,there exist public law legal relations in the state guardian,the person under guardianship and the third party.To solve the institutional dilemma of the state guardian due to the lack of legal systems and their long-term ineffectiveness and build an operational state guardianship system,the public legal status of the state guardian should be acknowledged and different forms of legal relations in the state guardian,the person under guardianship and the third party should be taken into account.The institutional framework should cover responsibility mechanism based on administrative entrustment theory and supervision mechanism on the administrative public welfare litigation.

关 键 词：国家监护人 生存照顾义务 法律关系 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]