小水电河流水文地貌-生态响应关系研究  

Study on hydrogeomorphic features-ecological response of river with small hydropower plants

作　　者：于子铖 赵进勇[3] 彭文启[3] 张晶[3] 丁洋 付意成[3] YU Zicheng;ZHAO Jinyong;PENG Wenqi;ZHANG Jing;DING Yang;FU Yicheng(Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Resources of Hebei Province,Hebei University of Engineering,Handann 056038,Hebei,China;School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei,China;Department of Water Ecology and Environment,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学河北省智慧水利重点实验室,河北邯郸056038 [2]河北工程大学水利水电学院,河北邯郸056038 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院水生态环境所,北京100038

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第6期137-146,共10页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：中国水科院创新团队专项(WE0145B042021);国家自然科学基金(51509271)。

摘　　要：【目的】小水电建设为我国带来社会经济效益的同时,部分流域无序开发、密集建设导致河流生境遭到破坏。为了明确水文地貌-生态响应关系,为科学进行小水电河流整改与生态修复提供指导,【方法】以大宁河巫溪段为研究区域,以实地调研数据为基础,结合有关分析工作,选取水深、流速、地貌单元类型及异质性指数为水文地貌指标,以底栖动物多样性指数为生态指标,利用冗余分析、拟合分析等数理统计方法,探讨分析了小水电河流的水文地貌-生态响应关系。【结果】结果显示:小水电密集开发影响了底栖动物的群落结构;水深、地貌单元多样性指数、流速为底栖动物多样性主要影响因子,贡献率分别为73.7%、18.2%、2.5%,水文地貌指标与Shannon多样性、Simpson多样性指数的关系更为显著,拟合度均高于0.4;滑水的底栖动物多样性较好,3个多样性指数平均值可达1.4,深潭的底栖动物多样性较差,仅为0.82。【结论】结果表明:小水电开发改变了河流天然的水文地貌过程,明晰小水电河流水文地貌-生态的定量化响应关系,可推求关键过程的生态阈值区间,从而为受损河段的生态修复提供理论支撑。[Objective]While small hydropower plants construction brings social and economic benefit to our country,habitat has been destroyed by unordered development and intensive construction in some basins.Clarifying the relationship between hydrogeomorphology and ecological response has important theoretical and practical significance for the scientific rectification and ecological restoration of river with small hydropower plants.[Methods]In this paper,water depth,velocity,geomorphic unit type and heterogeneity index were selected as hydrogeomorphic indexes and zoobenthos diversity index as ecological indexes based on field survey data in the Wuxi section of Daning River.The hydrogeomorphic features-ecological response of river with small hydropower plants were explored and analyzed by using redundancy analysis,fitting analysis and other mathematical and statistical method.[Results]The result showed that the intensive development of small hydropower plants affected the community structure of zoobenthos;water depth,diversity index of geomorphic units and velocity were the main influencing factors of zoobenthos diversity,the contribution rates were 73.7%,18.2%and 2.5%,respectively.The fit of Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity index with hydrogeomorphic indicators was better,and the fit was higher than 0.4.The zoobenthos diversity of run was better,the average of the three diversity indices is 1.4.And that of pool was worse,it′s only 0.82.[Conclusion]The development of small hydropower plants changes the natural hydrogeomorphic process of rivers.By clarifying the quantified response relationship between hydrogeomorphic and ecological response of rivers with small hydropower plants,the ecological threshold interval of key processes can be deduced,thus providing theoretical support for the ecological restoration of damaged river reaches.

关 键 词：小水电 水文地貌 底栖动物 大宁河 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]