“南海Ⅰ号”沉船上的“广东罐”新探  

A New Exploration of the"Guangdong Jars"on the Nanhai No.1 Shipwreck

作　　者：肖达顺 Xiao Dashun

机构地区：[1]广东省文物考古研究院,广东广州510075

出　　处：《文博学刊》2023年第2期69-78,共10页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

摘　　要：“广东罐”的发现地点分布很广,东至日本、韩国,西达波斯湾、红海,乃至非洲东海岸地区。“南海Ⅰ号”沉船的第九和第十舱出土了大量酱釉四耳罐,与南越国宫署遗址出土的器类相同。广东省文物考古研究院联合佛山文博机构对佛山南海奇石窑和文头岭窑等窑址进行调查、发掘和研究,确认“南海Ⅰ号”出水部分酱釉罐和南越国宫署遗址同类器物皆产自佛山南海地区窑址,这些罐正是国内外学术界早已形成共识的“广东罐”。“广东罐”在全球陶瓷贸易中既是货物又是海上储物用的器具,在海上陶瓷之路上扮演着重要角色。结合相关文献记载,以及南越国宫署遗址宋代遗存、全球各地古代海洋贸易港口和沉船遗址等考古研究成果,可大致认识“南海Ⅰ号”沉船上的“广东罐”从定制生产到消费使用,再到上船出洋,最后走向世界各地终端市场的贸易过程。"Guangdong Jars"have been foundacross a wide rang,extending east to Japan and South Korea,and west to the Persian Gulf the Red Sea,and even tothe eastern coast of Africa.Alarge number of brown glazed four-ear jars were unearthed from the cabins No.9 and No.10 of the Southern Song Nanhai No.1 Shipwreck.These jars are similar to the artifacts found atthe Nanyue Kingdom Palace Site.The Guangdong Provincial Instiuteof Cultural Relics and Archaoogy,in collaboration with cultural and museum institutions in Foshan,conducted investigations,excavations and research onkiln sites such asthe Qishi Kiln andthe Wentouling Kiln in Nanhai Foshan.It was confirmed that some of the brown glazed jars unearthed from the Nanhai No.1 I shipwreck and the similar artifacts from the Nanyue Kingdom Palace Site were both produced at these klnsies.These jars are known as"Guangdong jars"that have long been recognized by the domestic and internationalacademiccommunityThis typeoflarg jars served as bothtraded commoditesand storage containers for maritime living,playing asignificant role in the Maritime Ceramic Road.By combining relevant literature records with the archaeologicalresearch resulsonthe Song dynasty remains at the Nanyue Kingdom Palace Site,as wllas the ancientmaritimetrade ports and shipwreck sites around the world,we can gain a general undersanding ofthe trade history of the"Guangdong jars"on the Nanhai No.Shipwreck,which traces their journey along the Maritime Ceramic Road,encompassing customized production,consumer use,overseas shipping through maritime trade,and their ulimate disribution to end markets worldwide.

关 键 词：南海Ⅰ号 广东罐 陶瓷之路 南越国宫署遗址 奇石窑址 文头岭窑址 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]