淄博市1949—2021年职业性尘肺病回顾性分析  

A retrospective analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis in Zibo City from 1949 to 2021

作　　者：李广益[1] 刘洁[1] 赵雪 王敏[1] LI Guangyi;LIU Jie;ZHAO Xue;WANG Min(Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zibo,Shangdong 255026,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]淄博市疾病预防控制中心,山东淄博255026 [2]淄博市张店区中医院,山东淄博255035

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2023年第1期90-93,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(2019WS302);淄博市科学技术发展计划项目(2016kj010027)。

摘　　要：目的分析淄博市职业性尘肺病(以下简称“尘肺病”)发病底数、分布特征、患者生存状况和社会保障情况。方法采用横断面调查方法,选择淄博市1949—2021年新发尘肺病患者为研究对象,进行入户调查或电话随访,描述性分析其分布特征、生存状况和社会保障情况。结果共调查8910例尘肺病患者;其中,男性占96.0%;尘肺病壹期患者占91.3%;1949—2021年尘肺病患者数量随时间呈阶梯状上升趋势;病种以煤工尘肺和矽肺居多,分别占48.7%和38.9%;患者平均发病年龄为(52.7±11.4)岁,平均接尘工龄为(21.1±9.4)年;87.8%患者集中在淄川区、博山区与张店区;行业分布以采矿业和制造业较多,分别占61.1%和31.6%。8910例尘肺病患者中,失访543例;完成随访8367例,随访率为93.9%。完成随访患者死亡率为50.5%,死亡率随着尘肺病期别的升高而下降(P<0.01)。4138例存活患者享受社会保障率为98.4%。结论淄博市尘肺病防治形势仍然严峻。应加大对淄川区、博山区与张店区等重点地区采矿业和制造业的粉尘危害专项治理力度。Objective To analyze the base incidence,distribution characteristics,survival status and social security of occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as "pneumoconiosis") in Zibo City.Methods The new pneumoconiosis patients in Zibo City from 1949 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects using a cross-sectional survey.Household survey or telephone follow-up were carried out,and the distribution characteristics,living conditions and social security situation were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 8 910 patients with pneumoconiosis were investigated,and 96.0% of them were male.The stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis patients accounted for 91.3%.From 1949 to 2021,the number of pneumoconiosis patients showed a stepwise upward trend with time.Most of the patients suffered from coal worker pneumoconiosis and silicosis,which accounted for 48.7% and 38.9%,respectively.The average age of onset was(52.7±11.4) years,and the average length of service exposed to dust was(21.1±9.4) years.The patients were concentrated in Zichuan District,Boshan District and Zhangdian District,that accounted for 87.8%.The industry distribution was mostly mining industry and manufacturing industry,accounting for 61.1% and 31.6% respectively.Among the 8 910 cases of pneumoconiosis,543 cases were lost in follow-up.A total of 8 367patients were followed-up,with a follow-up rate of 93.9%.The mortality rate of patients who completed follow-up was 50.5%,and the mortality rate decreased with the increase of the stage of pneumoconiosis(P<0.01).The rate of adoring social security in the 4 138 surviving patients was 98.4%.Conclusion The situation of prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in Zibo City is challenging.It is necessary to strengthen the special control of dust hazards in mining and manufacturing industries in key areas such as Zichuan District,Boshan District and Zhangdian District.

关 键 词：尘肺病 随访 回顾性分析 分布特征 生存状况 社会保障 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]