词类转化与语言形态类型关系的定量研究  

Quantitative investigation into the relationship between word-class conversion and the morphological typology of languages

作　　者：邵斌[1] 阎建玮 郑憬 SHAO Bin;YAN Jianwei;ZHENG Jing(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,浙江省杭州市310058

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2023年第4期497-508,638,共13页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“基于语料库的汉英动名兼类词历时演变对比研究(1919~2019)”(20AYY001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文基于“劳特利奇系列频率词典”计算了8种语言各5000常用词中转类词的数量及比例,比较不同类型语言词类转化能产性的异同,同时基于滑动平均聚合度数值比较语言的形态丰富度,以此计算词类转化能产性与形态丰富度的相关性,从而考察词类转化与语言形态类型之间的关系。研究发现:1)转类能产性与语言形态类型密切相关,孤立语的转类能产性最高,强屈折语的最低,其他语言处于两者之间;2)基于滑动平均聚合度的计算表明,孤立语与屈折语在形态丰富度上构成连续统,语言形态类型具有梯度性,并非离散范畴;3)转类能产性与形态丰富度之间存在负相关性,即语言形态越贫乏则转类能产性越高,形态越丰富则转类能产性越低,此种负相关性反映了语言的词法与句法复杂度的折中关系,并证实了“复杂度折中假设”。To unravel the relationship between word-class conversion and the morphological typology of languages,this study quantifies the correlations between the productivity of conversion and the morphological richness of eight languages.The productivity of conversion is measured by the numbers and percentage of converted words out of 5,oo0 most frequent words from The Routledge Frequency Dictionaries.We assess the morphological richness of these languages through the moving-average mean size of paradigm(MAMSP).Our results reveal the following:1)The productivity of conversion and the morphological typology of languages are closely related,isolating languages exhibit the highest productivity of conversion,highly inflectional languages demonstrate the lowest,and other languages fall within this continuum.2)Based on the MAMSP,the morphological richness of isolating and inflectional languages can be viewed as a continuous scale,suggesting that the morphological typology represents a gradient rather than a discrete category.3)The productivity of conversion and the morphological richness are negatively correlated;languages with more impoverished morphology exhibit higher productivity of conversion.This correlation reflects a trade-off between the morphological and syntactic complexity of languages,confirming the"complexity trade-off hypothesis".

关 键 词：词类 词类转化 语言形态类型 形态丰富度 复杂度折中假设 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]