新疆天山中部蚂蚁物种多样性  

Species Diversity of Ants in the Middle of Tianshan Mountain,Xinjiang

作　　者：杨林[1] 熊忠平[1] 刘霞[1] 钱怡顺 杨蕊[1] 韩秀 房华 徐正会[1] Yang Lin;Xiong Zhongping;Liu Xia;Qian Yishun;Yang Rui;Han Xiu;Fang Hua;Xu Zhenghui(Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Library of Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院、云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学图书馆,昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第6期102-111,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860166,31860615);国家自然科学基金委员会应急管理项目子课题(31750002);西南林业大学科研启动基金项目(111405)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨新疆天山中部地区蚂蚁群落结构、物种多样性和群落相似性问题,为天山地区的植被恢复和物种多样性保护提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法探究新疆天山中部地区蚂蚁物种多样性,利用R4.1.1软件进行抽样充分性检测,计算α多样性指数和Jaccard群落相似性系数,应用SPSS24.0软件进行蚂蚁物种多样性指标与生境因子间的Pearson相关性分析。【结果】在天山中部共调查采集到蚂蚁11767头,隶属2亚科15属27种。北坡蚂蚁群落物种丰富度、多样性指数、均匀度指数均大于南坡。随海拔升高,南坡和北坡各样地α多样性指数表现为多域效应现象或中域效应现象。南坡和北坡蚂蚁群落间相似性(0.2222)处于极不相似水平,南坡和北坡各样地蚂蚁群落间相似性水平总体较低,各类植被蚂蚁群落间相似性(0~0.4167)处于极不相似至中等不相似水平。相关性分析发现,物种数目和多样性指数与海拔呈极显著负相关,与乔木郁闭度呈显著正相关。【结论】天山中部地区蚂蚁群落α多样性在海拔和气温主导下,主要与湿度、植被性质和人为干扰因素有关,物种丰富度和多样性指数与海拔呈显著负相关,与乔木郁闭度呈显著正相关。良好的植被能为蚂蚁群落提供充足的食物和栖息场所,蚂蚁更喜欢生活在植被覆盖率高、气候较湿热的中海拔区域。南北坡垂直带及各类生境间蚂蚁群落分化明显。【Objective】This study aims to reveal the pattern of ant species diversity in the middle of Tianshan Mountain,and provide a basis for ecological restoration and species diversity protection in Tianshan Mountain area.【Method】The species diversity of ants in the middle of Tianshan Mountain was surveyed by plot sampling method.The sampling adequacy was tested by R4.1.1 software,and theαdiversity indexes and Jaccard community similarity coefficients were calculated.Pearson correlation between ant diversity indexes and habitat factors was analyzed by SPSS 24 software.【Result】A total of 11767 ant individuals were collected in the middle of Tianshan Mountain area,and they belonged to 2 subfamilies,15 genera,and 27 species.The species richness,diversity index and evenness index of ant communities on the northern slope were higher than those on the southern slope.With the increase of altitude,theαdiversity indexes of various plots on the southern and northern slopes showed a multi-domain effect or a middle-domain effect phenomenon.The similarity(0.2222)between ant communities on the southern and the northern slope was at an extremely dissimilar level,and the similarity level between ant communities at various plots on both the southern and northern slopes was generally lower.The similarity(0.0000–0.4167)between ant communities from various vegetation was at an extremely dissimilar to moderately dissimilar level.Correlation analysis found that species richness and diversity index had a significant negative correlation with altitude,and a significant positive correlation with tree canopy density.【Conclusion】Theαdiversity of ant community in the middle of Tianshan Mountain is mainly determined by altitude and air temperature,meanwhile related to humidity,vegetation properties and human disturbance factors.Good vegetation can provide sufficient food resources and habitat for the ant community,and ants prefer to live in the middle to low altitude zone with high vegetation coverage and hot and moist climate.

关 键 词：蚁科 物种多样性 群落 垂直带 天山 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]