汤川瘿蜂寄生性天敌调查及其优势天敌长尾小蜂生物学特性  

Parasitoids of Cerroneuroterus yukawamasudai(Hymenoptera:Cynipidae)and Biology Characteristics of Torymus sp.,a Predominent Parasitic Species on the Gall Wasp

作　　者：张元臣 鲍梦楠 薛爽 王璞 王兴云 张坤朋[1,2] 王景顺 Zhang Yuanchen;Bao Mengnan;Xue Shuang;Wang Pu;Wang Xingyun;Zhang Kunpeng;Wang Jingshun(College of Biological and Food Engineering,Anyang Institute of Technology,Anyang 455000;Taihang Mountain Forest Pests Observation and Research Station of Henan Province,Linzhou 456550;College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037)

机构地区：[1]安阳工学院生物与食品工程学院,安阳455000 [2]河南省太行山林业有害生物野外科学观测研究站,林州456550 [3]南京林业大学生物与环境学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第6期112-117,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家青年自然科学基金项目(31802007);河南省教育厅高校重点项目(22B220001);河南省科技攻关计划(212102110449);安阳工学院博士后科研启动基金(BSH2020006,BHJ2019002)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确汤川瘿蜂虫瘿内寄生性天敌种类,研究其优势天敌的生物学特性,为利用寄生性天敌防治汤川瘿蜂提供科学依据。【方法】对汤川瘿蜂虫瘿进行林间调查、室内解剖和室内试验,明确虫瘿内寄生性天敌种类及其优势天敌长尾小蜂的生物学特性。【结果】汤川瘿蜂无性世代虫瘿内主要有长尾小蜂、金小蜂和啮小蜂3种寄生性天敌,其中长尾小蜂为优势天敌。长尾小蜂1年发生1代,以幼虫在无性虫瘿内越冬,越冬成虫10月下旬开始出瘿,产卵于无性虫瘿内。2019和2020年连续2年虫瘿调查发现,长尾小蜂对汤川瘿蜂无性世代寄生率分别为18.00%和21.86%。寄生蜂羽化期持续81~85天,雌雄虫羽化高峰期分别在11月下旬和11月中旬,羽化时间集中在上午8:00―12:00,雌雄性比为1∶2。长尾小蜂善跳跃,有假死性,雌雄成虫羽化后当天即可交配,有多次交配现象。补充蜂蜜水可显著延长雄性长尾小蜂寿命,对雌性长尾小蜂寿命没有显著影响。【结论】汤川瘿蜂无性世代虫瘿内有长尾小蜂、金小蜂和啮小蜂3种寄生性天敌,长尾小蜂对汤川瘿蜂寄生率最高,为优势寄生蜂种,可作为防治汤川瘿蜂的重要手段。【Objective】The present study aims to clarify the species of the parasitoids in the galls of Cerroneuroterus yukawamasudai and deconstruct the biological characteristics of the predominant parasitoid species,so as to provide a scientific basis for biocontrol of the gall wasp.【Method】Species of parasitoids and biology of a dominant parasitoid Torymus sp.in the asexual gall of C.yukawamasudai were surveyed by field investigation,indoor anatomy and laboratory experiment.【Result】There were three parasitoid species in the asexual gall of C.yukawamasudai:Torymus sp.,Pteromalus sp.and Chouioia sp.Among them,Torymus sp.was predominant parasitic natural enemy.The parasitoid occurred one generation in a year,and the larvae overwintered in the host asexual galls.The overwintering adults of Torymus sp.started emergence in late October,and laid eggs in the asexual galls.The parasitism rates of Torymus sp.to C.yukawamasudai were 18.00%and 21.86%in 2019 and 2020,respectively.Eclosion period of the parasitoid lasted for 81–85 days.Peak eclosion periods of male and female parasitoid were in mid-November and late November,respectively.The eclosion time was concentrated between 8:00–12:00 in every day,and its sex ratio(female/male)was 1︰2.The parasitic wasp was good at jumping and had the habit of feign death.Adults could mate on the same day after they emerged from the gall,and mated multiple times.Honey water supplementation significantly extended the longevity of male parasitoid,but not female parasitoid.【Conclusion】Torymus sp.,Pteromalus sp.and Chouioia sp.are found in the galls of the asexual galls of C.yukawamasudai.Parasitism rate of Torymus sp.to C.yukawamasudai is the highest,stating that Torymus sp.is the dominant species of parasitic natural enemies.Torymus sp.can be used as an important means to control C.yukawamasudai.

关 键 词：汤川瘿蜂 长尾小蜂 虫瘿 生物学特性 寄生天敌 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]