央行法定数字货币推行对银行体系影响路径研究  

Research on the Influence Paths of the Implementation of the Central Bank s Legal Digital Currency on the Banking System

作　　者：杨源源 李政磊 夏旭 Yang Yuanyuan;Li Zhenglei;Xia Xu

机构地区：[1]南京审计大学金融学院 [2]华夏银行南京分行数字金融部

出　　处：《经济研究参考》2023年第7期51-62,共12页Review of Economic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“金融风险演化与‘稳金融’宏观调控研究”(No.20FJYB042);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助——南京大学“研究阐释党的二十大精神专项课题”(No.010414370312);江苏省金融工程重点实验室招标项目“低利率时代宏观政策调控绩效与治理能力优化研究”(No.NSK2021-16)。

摘　　要：数字经济在全球迎来全面发展,主要经济体纷纷加快布局法定数字货币研发与试点。本文在厘清法定数字货币的发展演变与特征基础上,从存款业务、贷款业务、营收能力、营运成本等多维度深入探究法定数字货币推行对银行体系的可能影响。研究发现,央行法定数字货币推行对商业银行存在“双刃剑”效应,但整体而言“利”大于“弊”:(1)通过对公众现金需求和第三方平台资金吸纳产生替代效应以改善商业银行揽储环境;(2)通过推动央行征信体系改善和大数据风控成熟应用以促进商业银行审贷效率、放贷精准度及意愿提升;(3)通过提升货币创造能力和缓解金融摩擦程度而降低商业银行息差收入;(4)通过加速数字化转型和智能化运营以降低商业银行营运成本。鉴于此,商业银行一方面应推动金融创新以充分把握法定数字货币推行带来的发展机遇,另一方面须谋划业务转型以积极应对法定数字货币推行引致的负面挑战。The digital economy is enjoying comprehensive development around the world,with major economies accelerating the development and pilot of legal digital currencies.On the basis of clarifying the evolution and characteristics of the legal digital currency,this paper explores the possible impact of the implementation of legal digital currency on the banking system from the perspectives of deposit business,loan business,revenue capacity,operating cost and other aspects.It is found that the implementation of the central bank s legal digital currency has a“double-edged sword”effect on commercial banks,but the overall“advantages”outweigh the“disadvantages”:(1)improve the environment for commercial banks to collect deposits through the substitution effect on the public s cash demand and the absorption of funds from third-party platforms;(2)promote the improvement of credit referance system of central bank and the mature application of big data risk control to promote the loan examination efficiency,lending precision and willingness of commercial banks;(3)reduce interest margin income of commercial banks by improving money creation ability and easing financial friction;(4)reduce the operating costs of commercial banks by accelerating digital transformation and intelligent operation.In view of these,on the one hand,commercial banks should promote financial innovation to fully grasp the development opportunities brought by the implementation of legal digital currency;on the other hand,they should plan business transformation to actively cope with the negative challenges caused by the implementation of legal digital currency.

关 键 词：法定数字货币 商业银行 第三方支付 大数据征信 

分 类 号：F822[经济管理—财政学] F832