药用植物种子休眠及萌发特性研究进展  

Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of medicinal plants

作　　者：刘梅清 徐镱文 刘媛媛 魏舒畅[1] LIU Meiqing;XU Yiwen;LIU Yuanyuan;WEI Shuchang(Gansu Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学、甘肃省中药制药工艺工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中兽医医药杂志》2023年第4期47-51,共5页Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：甘肃省科学技术厅基金项目(1506RJIA034)。

摘　　要：种子在中药材的生产过程中发挥着重要作用,研究药用植物种子萌发过程中的限制因子及其解除方法并寻找适宜的萌发条件,对提高中药材的产量和质量尤为重要。药用植物种子休眠类型有生理休眠(PD)、形态休眠(MD)、生理形态休眠(MPD)、物理休眠(PY)和综合休眠(PY+PD),休眠解除方法有层积处理、变温处理、化学药剂浸种处理、机械碰撞种皮或将几种方法联合起来使用。适宜的温度、光照、水分、外源激素、酸碱环境和播种深度更利于种子的萌发与生长;种子萌发过程中种子的内含物质含量会呈现出不同的变化趋势,种子的物质基础可为种子萌发提供能量及营养。对药用植物种子的休眠类型及其解除方法、萌发特性、萌发过程中物质动态变化进行概述,可为药用植物栽培过程中遇到的种子休眠问题提供解决方案。关于药用植物种子萌发的遗传基础、种子休眠及其解除过程的分子机制还有待继续深入研究。Seeds play an important role in the production process of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.It is particularly important to study the limiting factors in the germination process of medicinal plants and to find the appropriate germination conditions for improving the yield and quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Seed dormancy types of medicinal plants include physiological dormancy(PD),morphological dormancy(MD),morphological physiological dormancy(MPD),physical dormancy(PY)and comprehensive dormancy(PY+PD).Dormancy removal methods include stratification treatment,variable temperature treatment,chemical soaking treatment,mechanical impact of seed coat or the combination of several methods.The suitable temperature,light,water,exogenous hormone,acid and alkali environment and sowing depth during seed germination are more conducive to seed germination and growth.During seed germination,the content of seed materials will show different trends.The material basis of seeds can provide energy and nutrition for seed germination.By summarizing the dormancy types and release methods of medicinal plant seeds,germination characteristics and dynamic changes of substances in the process of germination were summarized,which could provide a solution to the seed dormancy problem in the cultivation of medicinal plants.The genetic basis of seed germination and the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy and contact process of medicinal plants remain to be further studied.

关 键 词：药用植物 种子 休眠类型 解除 萌发特性 物质动态变化 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学] S853.72[医药卫生—中医学]