全球价值链位置、劳动力技能差别与劳动者收入差距  

Global Value Chain Position, Labor Skill Difference and Labor Income Gap

作　　者：杨志远[1] 徐昊 YANG Zhi-yuan;XU Hao(School of International Trade and Economics,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学国际经济贸易学院,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期97-109,共13页Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“三重叠加冲击下全球价值链重整与中国国内生产链构建融合发展研究”(20BJL115)。

摘　　要：中国嵌入全球价值链(GVC)位置的变化对高、低技能劳动力收入差距将产生巨大影响,嵌入全球价值链与收入分配具有密切关系。基于1995—2009年中国制造业的实证分析表明:第一,嵌入全球价值链有助于缩小高、低技能劳动力收入差距,通过向价值链下游移动这一途径实现;第二,上述作用的影响机制是改变要素市场上两种劳动力的相对需求,从而在边际上实现劳动力报酬差距的缩小;第三,行业层面的科技竞争力水平对上述影响机制的影响程度有调节作用,即该行业科技水平越有竞争力,则GVC位置的变化对劳动力收入差距的影响越小。研究发现,中国嵌入全球价值链有助于缩小收入差距,有助于收入分配公平,但随着科技创新成为我国国际竞争新优势,需要采取相应措施,包括:要通过政策引导提高制造业各行业在全球价值链上的位置,要根据经济发展的需要加强对低技能劳动力的劳动技能培训,做好“产学研”结合、提高科学技术竞争力水平,以避免收入差距再度扩大,并掌握价值链上的核心竞争力,使我国的制造业自主可控地向全球价值链中高端迈进。The change in the position of China’s being embedded in global value chain(GVC)will have a significant impact on the income gap between high and low skilled labor as the embedded GVC is closely related to income distribution.This paper,based on the empirical analysis of China’s manufacturing industry(1995-2009),finds that:firstly,being embedding in the global value chain helps to narrow the income gap between high and low skilled labor,a result which is achieved by moving downstream of the value chain;secondly,the impact mechanism of the above role is to change the relative demand of the two kinds of labor in the factor market so as to narrow the wage gap at the margin;thirdly,the level of technological competitiveness of industry moderates the impact mechanism mentioned above,that is,the more advantages one industry enjoys,the smaller impact of changes in GVC position it has on labor income gap.China’s being embedding in the global value chain,the paper also concludes,helps to narrow income disparities and promote fair income distribution;with technological innovation as a new advantage in China’s international competition,corresponding measures need to be adopted:1)to put various manufacturing industries in a higher position of the global value chain through policy guidance;2)to strengthen labor skills training targeted to the low skilled according to the needs of economic development;3)to facilitate the combination of industry,academia and R&D institutions for more technological competitiveness so that the income gap does not widen again;4)to grasp the core competitiveness of the value chain so that China’s manufacturing industry can independently,under control,move towards the high-end.

关 键 词：全球价值链 收入分配 低端锁定 科技竞争力 

分 类 号：F124.7[经济管理—世界经济]