植物纤维素基气凝胶吸油材料的制备及应用  

Preparation and Application of Plant Cellulose⁃based Aerogel for Oil Adsorption

作　　者：范廷玉[1] 赵杰 彭丹[2] 郭学涛 FAN Tingyu;ZHAO Jie;PENG Dan;GUO Xuetao(College of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232001,Anhui,China;Department of Transportation and Environment,Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology,Shenzhen 518172,Guangdong,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]深圳信息职业技术学院交通与环境学院,广东深圳518172 [3]西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第16期256-271,共16页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42007323);广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313363);深圳市科技计划(20200830203418001);安徽省重点研究与开发计划(202104a06020027)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着世界经济的迅速发展,石油作为一种不可再生资源,为人类生存和社会发展提供能源、原料的同时,也产生大量含油废水,危害生态环境。为了解决石油带来的水污染问题,主要的油水分离技术有物理法、化学法和生物法。吸油技术作为一种操作简便、经济、高效的物理方法,既可实现油水分离,又可回收油资源。其中,开发低成本、可循环使用、环境友好的吸油材料日益受到关注。目前,根据材料形态不同,油水分离材料分为粉末/颗粒状一维材料、膜状二维材料和气凝胶三维材料。气凝胶因孔隙率高、比表面积大、弹性好、方便操作等优点,被逐渐应用于油水分离领域,通过简单的物理挤压既可回收吸收的油,又可使材料循环使用,显示出较高的经济效益和环境效益。与二氧化硅、石墨烯等其他气凝胶材料相比,植物纤维素基气凝胶因来源广、可再生、密度低、可生物降解等优点,成为现如今吸油材料研究领域的热点。此外,由植物纤维素和氧化石墨烯、海藻酸钠、壳聚糖等材料制备的复合气凝胶因具有高强度、阻燃性、抗压性等性质,可应用于各种严苛环境。本文综述了近年来植物纤维素基气凝胶在油水分离方面的研究进展,其中重点总结了材料的干燥方法(超临界干燥、常压干燥和冷冻干燥)、冷冻方式(常规冷冻、单向冷冻和双向冷冻)、疏水改性及吸油特性方面的内容。最后对植物纤维素基气凝胶吸油材料存在的问题进行了讨论,并对其未来的发展做出了展望。In recent years,the rapid development of the world economy has resulted in massive consumption of oil,which is considered as a non⁃renewable resource and has been supplied as an important energy and raw materials for human survival and social evolution.However,the up rush of oil consumption has produced a large amount of oil⁃containing waste water,which poses great harm to the environment.To date,the main oil⁃water separation technologies for oil pollution remediation include physical,chemical,and biological methods.Among the various technologies,sorption with oil⁃absorbing material is regarded as a cost⁃effective and efficient method,which is capable of effectively separating and recovering oil as a resource from oily water.Therefore,the development of low⁃cost,recyclable and environmentally friendly adsorbents as oil⁃water separation materials are gaining more attention.In terms of the material forms,the oil⁃waterseparation materials can be classified into three categories,namely,powder/granular one⁃dimensional materials,membrane two⁃dimensional materials,and three⁃dimensional aerogels.Due to the advantages of high porosity,large specific surface area,good elasticity,and convenient operation,aerogels have gradually been applied in the field of oil/water separation.Oil can be recovered easily through simple physical squeezing,while the production of oil adsorbents from fibrous waste can provide additional economic and environmental benefits.Compared with the silica⁃,and graphene⁃based aerogels,cellulose⁃based ones have emerged as one of the hottest research topics,owing to their advantages of ubiquity,renewability,cost⁃effectiveness,low density,and biodegradability.In addition,the hybrid aerogels prepared from plant cellulose,graphene oxides,sodium alginate,chitosan and other materials can be used in a variety of harsh environments due to their high⁃strength,flame retardant,compressive properties.In this review,the state⁃of⁃the⁃art research progress in developing cellulose�

关 键 词：植物纤维素 气凝胶 制备 疏水化 吸油 

分 类 号：TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]