精子冷冻保存研究进展  

Research Progress on Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa

作　　者：李维杰[1] 李智新 颜宏利 刘宝林[1] LI Weijie;LI Zhixin;YAN Hongli;LIU Baolin(Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China;Center of Reproductive Medicine,Changhai Hospital,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学生物系统热科学研究所,上海200093 [2]中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院,上海200433

出　　处：《制冷技术》2023年第2期78-85,共8页Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology

基　　金：上海市上海理工大学医工交叉(No.1020308412);上海市科委(No.18441909700);上海地方能力建设(No.19060502400)。

摘　　要：本文从冷冲击、渗透压力、冰晶的机械损伤以及氧化应激等方面对精子冷冻损伤机制进行了梳理,分析了不同保护剂的作用模式。结果表明:冻融过程中多种损伤因素会破坏精子膜完整性、降低精子活力并诱导高频的DNA断裂,导致精子生育力受损。冷冻保护剂可以降低溶液冰点,提高玻璃化转变温度,调节细胞脱水速度和程度,减少胞内冰形成;加入蛋黄等膜改良剂会提高质膜冷冻稳定性;抗氧化剂可以中和过量活性氧诱导的负面影响。本文还归纳总结了多种精子冷冻保存方案的应用现状并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。In this paper,the mechanism of sperm freezing injury is summarized from the aspects of cold shock,osmotic pressure,mechanical damage of ice crystals and oxidative stress,and the action modes of different protective agents were analyzed.The results showed that a variety of damage factors during freezing and thawing could destroy the integrity of sperm membrane,reduce sperm motility and induce high-frequency DNA breakage,resulting in sperm fertility damage.Cryoprotectants can reduce the freezing point of the solution,increase the glass transition temperature,regulate the speed and degree of cell dehydration,and reduce the formation of intracellular ice.The addition of membrane modifiers such as egg yolk can improve the freezing stability of the plasma membrane;antioxidants can neutralize excess reactive oxygen species.The application status of various sperm cryopreservation schemes and looks forward to the development trend in the future is also summarized.

关 键 词：精子 冷冻保存 冷冻损伤 保护 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] R318.52[医药卫生—生物医学工程]