秸秆还田及不同施磷量对磷肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning to Field and Different Amount of Phosphorus Application on Utilization Rate of Phosphorus Fertilizer

作　　者：杨鹏飞 王冰 袁文杰 刘耘华[1] 陈波浪[1] 盛建东[1] YANG Peng-fei;WANG Bing;YUAN Wen-jie;LIU Yun-hua;CHEN Bo-lang;SHENG Jian-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第2期125-130,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-3)。

摘　　要：本研究利用养分恒量监控方法研究棉田科学合理的施磷量。在阿克苏地区沙雅县棉田,设置4个施磷量(以P 2O 5计)处理:不施磷、施磷量75 kg/hm^(2)(代表秸秆还田)、施磷量150 kg/hm^(2)(代表秸秆不还田)及施磷量225 kg/hm^(2)(代表地力提升)。通过动态监测土壤有效磷、植株吸磷量和生物量动态变化以及棉花产量等指标研究确定棉田磷肥合理用量。结果表明,施磷量75 kg/hm^(2)在棉花生育后期土壤有效磷含量低于有效磷农学阈值且显著低于其他两个施磷处理(P<0.05),最终导致棉花产量降低;施磷量150 kg/hm^(2)与施磷量225 kg/hm^(2)处理,土壤有效磷含量在全生育期均维持在有效磷农学阈值(20~25 mg/kg),两个处理的产量差异不显著,但施磷量150 kg/hm^(2)的磷肥利用率(22.59%)高于施磷量225 kg/hm^(2)处理(9.89%),且施磷量150 kg/hm^(2)处理的土壤磷素盈余(23.69~59.53 kg/hm^(2))低于225 kg/hm^(2)处理(110.32~144.57 kg/hm^(2))。在棉田土壤有效磷含量达到农学阈值时,综合考虑维持土壤磷素输入与输出的平衡、秸秆还田磷素分解释放较慢以及磷肥利用率等因素,建议沙雅县棉田磷肥施用量120 kg/hm^(2)。The scientific and reasonable amount of phosphorus applied in cotton field was studied by means of constant nutrient monitoring method.In a typical cotton field in Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,four phosphorus application rates(calculated as P 2O 5)were set for treatment:no phosphorus application,75 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus application rate(representing straw return to field),150 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus application rate(representing straw not return to field)and 225 kg/hm^(2) phosphorus application rate(representing soil fertility improvement).Through dynamic monitoring of soil available phosphorus,dynamic changes of plant phosphorus uptake and biomass and cotton yield,the rational amount of phosphorus fertilizer in cotton field was determined.The results indicated that:The soil available phosphorus content of 75 kg/hm^(2) in the late cotton growth period was lower than the agronomic threshold of available phosphorus and significantly lower than those of other two phosphorus treatments(P<0.05),which ultimately led to the decrease of cotton yield;The soil available phosphorus content was maintained at the agronomic threshold of available phosphorus(20-25 mg/kg)during the whole growth period under the treatment of 150 kg/hm^(2) and 225 kg/hm^(2),and there was no significant difference in yield between the two treatments.[CDF10]But the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer applied at 150 kg/hm^(2)(22.59%)was higher than that applied at 225 kg/hm^(2)(9.89%).The soil phosphorus surplus under 150 kg/hm^(2) treatment(23.69-59.53 kg/hm^(2))was lower than that under 225 kg/hm^(2) treatment(110.32-144.57 kg/hm^(2)).When the available phosphorus content in cotton field reached the agronomic threshold,considering the balance between input and output of soil phosphorus,the slow decomposition and release of phosphorus from straw returning to field,and the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer,it is recommended to apply 120 kg/hm^(2) of phosphorus fertilizer in cotton field of Shaya County.

关 键 词：棉花 磷肥利用率 养分恒量监控 产量 

分 类 号：S143.2[农业科学—肥料学]