模拟植食性昆虫取食对3种苍耳属杂草竞争力的影响  

Effects of simulated herbivorous insect feeding on the competitiveness of three Xanthium species

作　　者：何健霄 肖永康 阿马努拉·依明尼亚孜 HE Jianxiao;XIAO Yongkang;Amanula·Yimingniyazi(College of Grassland Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第7期1802-1809,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：新疆森林、草原、湿地生态系统外来入侵野生植物普查项目(XJLCRQSW-3);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0401)。

摘　　要：竞争力是决定外来植物能否成功入侵到新生境的关键因素。入侵生态学中,提高竞争能力的进化假说认为,外来植物在传入地生长繁殖压力减小,是因为逃离了原产地的寄生虫、病原体和动物等限制因素,从而使入侵植物的资源分配由防御转向生长,促进外来植物的入侵。本研究以刺苍耳(Xanthium spinosum)、意大利苍耳(X.italicum)和苍耳(X.sibiricum)为研究对象,对比研究植食性昆虫未取食、轻度取食、中度取食和重度取食对3种苍耳相对生长速度和生物量等特征的影响。结果表明,植食性昆虫的轻度取食会使刺苍耳和苍耳的相对生长速度和生物量增加,从而增加竞争能力;而意大利苍耳在植食性昆虫取食下其相对生长速度和生物量均显著降低(P<0.05)。植食性昆虫的取食使苍耳的根冠比增加,改变了苍耳的生长-防御策略,减少了营养生长投入,从而增强其防御能力。植食性昆虫取食对3种苍耳的影响表现为意大利苍耳>苍耳>刺苍耳。由于植食性昆虫取食3种苍耳的同时也会取食其他植物,因此能否用植食性昆虫防治刺苍耳和意大利苍耳还需要进一步的试验进行论证。Competitiveness is the key factor to determine whether foreign plants can successfully invade new habitats.In invasion ecology,the evolutionary hypothesis of improving competitiveness believes that the pressure of growth and reproduction of alien plants in the place of introduction is reduced because they escape from restrictive factors such as parasites,pathogens,and animals in the country of origin,thus making the resource allocation of invasive plants transition from defense to growth and promoting the invasion of alien plants.In this study,Xanthium spinosum,X.italicum,and X.sibiricum were used as the research objects for comparing the effects of nonporous,light,moderate,and heavy herbivorous insects on the relative growth rate and biomass of the three species of X.sibiricum.The results showed that the relative growth rate and biomass of X.spinosum and X.sibiricum increased with the light feeding of phytophagous insects,thus increasing their competitiveness;however,the relative growth rate and biomass of X.italicum significantly decreased(P<0.05).The feeding of phytophagous insects increased the root-to-shoot ratio of X.sibiricum,changed its growth-defense strategy,and reduced the input of nutrient growth to enhance its defense ability.The effects of herbivorous insects on the three species of X.sibiricum were Italian X.italicum,X.sibiricum and X.spinosum.Since phytophagous insects feed on three kinds of X.sibiricum and other plants,further experiments are required to demonstrate whether they can be used to control X.spinosum and X.italicum.

关 键 词：植食性昆虫 入侵植物 竞争力 生长-防御策略 资源分配 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]