高寒区41份春蚕豆种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析  

Genetic diversity analysis of agronomic traits of 41 spring Vicia faba resources to identify optimum materials for cultivation in alpine regions

作　　者：张鹏 鲍根生[1] 刘文辉[1] 滕长才 刘玉皎 ZHANG Peng;BAO Gensheng;LIU Wenhui;TENG Changcai;LIU Yujiao(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University/Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第7期1844-1855,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅应用基础研究(2022-ZJ-715);国家自然科学基金(32060398、U21A20239)。

摘　　要：为筛选出适宜高寒区种植的蚕豆材料,本研究对41份春蚕豆(Vicia faba)种质的19个农艺性状进行观测分析。结果表明,41份春蚕豆种质具有丰富的遗传多样性,19个农艺性状的平均变异系数和遗传多样性指数分别为30.80%和1.715;籽粒产量与株高、茎干重、单株籽粒重、地上生物量、荚数、根瘤数量、根瘤干重、地下生物量、叶干重和单株分枝数呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),而百粒重与株高、茎粗、茎干重、地下生物量、荚数和地上生物量呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05);利用主成分分析降维获得5个主成分,累计贡献率达到79.521%,其中第一主成分主要反映籽粒产量,第二主成分主要反映籽粒的长宽(大小),这两个主成分较大程度上反映了41份春蚕豆种质资源的表型特征;系统聚类法将41份春蚕豆材料划分为两大类群,类群I包含36份材料,类群Ⅱ包含5份材料,通过隶属函数分析发现,类群Ⅱ中21、25、29和37号蚕豆种质综合表现最好,可以作为高寒区培育优质高产牧草及牧草种子生产的优异材料。To identify broad bean materials suitable for planting in cold areas at a high altitude,19 agronomic characteristics of 41 broad bean germplasm materials were observed and analyzed.The results showed that the 41 broad bean germplasm materials had rich genetic diversity,and the average coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index of the 19 agronomic traits were 30.80%and 1.715,respectively.Of the 19 agronomic traits,grain yield was significantly positively correlated with aboveground biomass,underground biomass,and the number of nodules(P<0.05),while 100-grain weight was significantly negatively correlated with plant height,stem diameter,stem dry weight,underground biomass,pod number,and aboveground biomass(P<0.05).Five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 79.521%.The first principal component mainly reflected the grain yield,and the second principal component mainly reflected the grain length and width(size),which in turn reflected the phenotypic characteristics of the 41 broad bean germplasm resources to a greater extent.The 41 broad bean material samples were divided into two groups using a systematic clustering method:groups I andⅡcontained 36 and 5 samples,respectively.A membership function analysis showed that broad bean materials 21,25,29,and 37 provided the best comprehensive performance in group II,and they were thus identified as being excellent materials for cultivating forage and forage seeds of high quality and high yield in alpine regions.

关 键 词：蚕豆 种质资源 农艺性状 遗传多样性 相关性分析 主成分分析 隶属函数分析 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]