牦牛和藏羊单牧、混牧对高寒草地星毛委陵菜营养与生殖生长权衡的影响  

Effects of single and mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep on the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of Potentilla acaulis in alpine grassland

作　　者：王芳草 董全民[1,2] 冯斌 刘玉祯 俞旸 杨晓霞[1] 张春平 曹铨 刘文亭 WANG Fangcao;DONG Quanmin;FENG Bin;LIU Yuzhen;YU Yang;YANG Xiaoxia;ZHANG Chunping;CAO Quan;LIU Wenting(Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Adaptive Management,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810018,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院/青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810018

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第7期1866-1874,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：青海省科技厅创新团队项目(2021-ZJ-901);国家自然科学基金(U20A2007、32160340)。

摘　　要：放牧是草地利用与管理的主要方式,不同的放牧方式对草地优势物种存在不同的影响。探究不同放牧方式下草地植物营养枝与生殖枝的权衡关系,对研究草地植被恢复具有一定的科学意义。本研究依托于青藏高原高寒草地-家畜系统适应性管理技术平台,在中度放牧压力下,设置了牦牛单牧、藏羊单牧、牦牛藏羊1꞉2混牧、牦牛藏羊1꞉4混牧、牦牛藏羊1꞉6混牧以及不放牧处理,分析了高寒草地退化指示物种星毛委陵菜(Potentilla acaulis)营养枝与生殖枝的高度、数量、重量及权衡关系。研究结果显示:1)在星毛委陵菜营养枝与生殖枝高度、数量和重量的相关指标变化中,牦牛与藏羊1꞉6混牧的植株总体显著高于其他处理,牦牛与藏羊1꞉4混牧的植株数据总体低于其他处理;2)在不同放牧方式下星毛委陵菜营养枝与生殖枝的权衡指数,牦牛与藏羊1꞉4混牧是除不放牧外时最低的,牦牛与藏羊1꞉6混牧的权衡指数倾向于营养枝,牦牛单牧、藏羊单牧和牦牛藏羊1꞉2混牧处理的权衡指数倾向于生殖枝,不放牧和牦牛与藏羊1꞉4混牧时营养枝与生殖枝之间协同生长。结果表明,高寒草地牦牛与藏羊1꞉4的家畜组合是较为不利于草地健康的放牧方式。本研究提出有利于草原可持续发展的放牧利用调控方式,为高寒草甸草原合理利用和草地生态环境保护提供理论依据。Grazing is the main method of grassland utilization and management.Different grazing methods have different effects on the dominant species of grassland plants.The trade-off relationship between vegetative and reproductive growth of grassland plants under different grazing conditions has scientific significance for the study of grassland vegetation restoration.This study relied on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau alpine grassland livestock system adaptive management technology platform and,under moderate grazing pressure,set up yak single grazing 1),Tibetan sheep single grazing 2),yak Tibetan sheep 1꞉2 mixed grazing,yak Tibetan sheep 1꞉4 mixed grazing,yak Tibetan sheep 1꞉6 mixed grazing,and no grazing treatments.The height,quantity,and weight of vegetative and reproductive branches of Potentilla acaulis,an indicator species of alpine grassland degradation,and the trade-off relationship between its vegetative and reproductive growth were analyzed.The results showed the following:1)in height,number,and weight of vegetative and reproductive branches of Potentilla acaulis,the 1꞉6 mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep condition yielded significantly higher values than those of other treatments,while the values for the 1꞉4 mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep were generally lower than those of other treatments;2)among the different grazing methods,the trade-off index of vegetative and reproductive branches of Potentilla acaulis was the lowest when yak and Tibetan sheep were mixed at 1꞉4;the trade-off index of yak and Tibetan sheep 1꞉6 was inclined to vegetative branches;the trade-off index of single grazing of yak,single grazing of Tibetan sheep and 1꞉2 mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep favored reproductive branches;and the growth of vegetative and reproductive branches was comparable in the treatments employing no grazing,1꞉4 mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep.The results showed that in Xihai Town,Haiyan County,Haibei Prefecture,Qinghai Province,the 1꞉4 livestock combination of yak and Tibetan

关 键 词：高寒草地 放牧方式 星毛委陵菜 营养枝 生殖枝 权衡指数 草地退化 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]