纳米TiO_(2)处理对山定子响应重茬土壤胁迫的生理效应研究  

Study on the Physiological Effects of Nano TiO_(2) Treatment on Malus baccata in Response to Heavy Stubble Soil Stress

作　　者：张悦 牛洁 王诗琦 刘兴萍 王延秀 ZHANG Yue;NIU Jie;WANG Shiqi;LIU Xingping;WANG Yanxiu(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2023年第7期654-661,共8页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960581),甘肃农业大学大学生科研训练计划(SRTP)项目(202110733037)。

摘　　要：高效重茬建园技术是林果产业可持续发展的关键,为了探明纳米材料TiO_(2)对重茬土壤上苹果的生长及生理效应,明确纳米TiO_(2)改善重茬胁迫下苹果砧木生理指标的能力及适宜浓度。以一年生苹果砧木-山定子为材料,定植于1962年国光重茬土中。采用盆栽试验法,设5个不同纳米TiO2添加量处理,进行纳米TiO_(2)处理对山定子响应重茬土壤胁迫的生理效应研究,测定TiO2对重茬土壤上山定子幼苗光合色素、相关抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、渗透调节物质脯氨酸(Pro)含量及相对电导率(REC),并利用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件进行显著性、相关性、主成分分析。结果表明,随胁迫时间延长,不添加TiO2的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b(Chl a+b)和抗氧化酶活性持续下降,Pro、MDA、REC呈现上升趋势;施加不同浓度纳米TiO2后,Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b得到不同程度提高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性大致呈先升后降的趋势;Pro含量增幅增大,MDA呈上升趋势但增幅减小。TiO2对山定子重茬胁迫缓解能力由高到低依次为重茬土壤中添加2.0 g/kg TiO_(2)、重茬土壤中添加1.0 g/kg TiO_(2)、重茬土壤中添加0.5 g/kg TiO_(2)、重茬土壤中添加4.0 g/kg TiO_(2)、重茬土壤+0.0 g/kg TiO_(2)(CK)。由此可知,在重茬土壤中添加2.0 g/kg TiO2,可通过改善重茬胁迫下山定子的光合能力、ROS清除机制、稳定细胞膜结构来减缓重茬障碍对苹果幼苗的危害。The efficient heavy stubble establishment technology is the key to the sustainable development of forest and fruit industry.In order to investigate the physiological effects of nano TiO_(2) on apple growth in heavy stubble soil and to clarify the ability and appropriate concentration of nano TiO_(2) to improve physiological indicators of apple rootstocks under heavy stubble stress,annual apple rootstocks-M.baccata were used as the experimental materials which were planted in the replanted soil in year 1962.5 treatments with different additive amount of nano TiO_(2) were set up using the pot experiment method to study the effects of nano TiO_(2) treatments on physiological changes of M.baccata in response to heavy stubble soil,its effects on the photosynthetic pigments,related antioxidant enzymes[superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)]activities,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,osmoregulatory substance proline(Pro)content and relative electrical conductivity(REC)of M.baccata seedlings in replanted soil were investigated,and significance analysis,correlation and principal component analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software.Results showed that with the prolongation of continuous cropping stress,contents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),chlorophyll a+b(Chl a+b)and antioxidant enzyme activities continued to decreasein the control,whereas contents of Pro,MDA and REC showed an increasing trend.Contents of Chl a,Chl b,Chl a+b and Chl a/b were improved to different degrees after applying different concentrations of nano TiO_(2),SOD,POD and CAT activities showed a general trend of increasing and then decreasing,Pro content was increased,MDA content showed an increasing trend with a diminishing increment.The results of principal component analysis indicated that the order of mitigation capacity of using TiO_(2) against continuous cropping ranked as 2 g TiO_(2)/kg heavy stubble soil>1 g TiO_(2)/kg heavy stubble soil>0.5 g TiO_(2)/kg heavy stubble soil>4 g TiO_(2)/kg heavy stu

关 键 词：山定子 TIO2 重茬土壤 生理特性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]